coa statement and sketch example

The analysis is a comparison of how a structures location, functions, and capabilities as compared to costs and consequences of such use. The leader must realistically and unemotionally determine all available resources and new limitations based on level of training or recent fighting. A-24. 4 Q Leaders must understand how their units' purposes relate to higher. A-56. Strength Commanders and staff officers who make link-diagrams of leadership including religious, political, and criminal personnel allow focused planning and decentralized execution which bolsters legitimacy within the population. To do this, they answer the five Ws . b. Friendly forces information requirements include information leaders need to know about their units or about adjacent units to make critical decisions. The leader also determines the capabilities of the next higher enemy element. If he has no mutually supporting mobility corridors, then a single mobility corridor might become an avenue of approach. Forward area arming and refueling points. In order to keep communication at a standstill, phone lines are cut connecting the outside to the camp before the attack. The leader also must identify civil considerations affecting his mission. AGADAP Example Walk-through Part 2: COA Sketch - YouTube This is known as "arraying forces" or "assigning troops to task." They identify their headquarters tasks and purposes as well as their own contributions to this fight. A-114. If executed, the COA accomplishes the mission consistent with the higher commander's concept and intent. For example, in the conduct of attacks, leaders might prioritize the areas immediately around their objective for analysis, followed by the platoons specific axis leading to the objective. Cloud cover affects ground operations by limiting illumination and solar heating of targets. FM 7-30: The Infantry Brigade - Appendix I - GlobalSecurity.org Visualizing a valid decisive point is how the leader determines how to achieve success and accomplish his purpose. He reviews his commander's conclusions and identifies his own. Instructions: The C634 course of action statement and sketch (COA S&S) is worth 20% of the overall C600 grade. The platoon leader begins mission analysis when receiving the mission. Although the battle captain knew the environmental conditions, he told us we had legal weather and expected us to accomplish the mission. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each avenue? COA Statement and Sketch. Back on the ground with both flights shut down, we secured the aircraft and headed back to the TOC to check with Air Force weather regarding improved visibility later in the evening. Identifies the enemy's strength by unit. Capabilities The next day, we were then able to make it back to our home base, but not without encountering a slight amount of bad weather along the way. It also includes understanding the full array of assets in support of the unit. Relying on the technology rather than my senses, I transitioned inside to the instruments and noticed our nose starting to rise and our airspeed slowing. A-42. Enemy Course of Action Development. - Free Online Library A-81. The process of getting from the original COA inputs (statement and sketch) to the formal inputs needed . Assigning areas of operations to subordinates lets the subordinates use their initiative and supports decentralized execution. The mission is always the first factor leaders consider and most basic question: What have I been told to do, and why? As addressed in step 1 of the TLP, time analysis is a critical aspect to planning, preparation, and execution. When (this is the time given in the company OPORD). Selecting of movement techniques and formations, to include when to transition to tactical maneuver. Once identified, risk must be reduced through controls. The concept of the operation describes how the leader envisions the operation unfolding, from its start to its conclusion or end state. The product of this process is the synchronization matrix. I headed to the hangar to check on my assigned aircraft for the day and then to the tactical command post (TOC) to check the mission profile. Implied in the analysis of time is leader prioritization of events and sequencing of activities. COA statement should identify -Decisive point, and what makes it decisive. Accident risk includes all operational risk other than tactical risk and can include hazards concerning friendly personnel, equipment readiness, and environment. He compares their COA with the enemy's most probable COA. This allows them to exercise initiative and judgment to accomplish the unit's purpose. The COA statement specifies how the unit will accomplish the mission. Only those requiring resources should be used. The leader determines the effects of each aspect of terrain on both friendly and enemy forces. A-82. COA analysis begins with both friendly and enemy COA and, using a method of action-reaction-counteraction war game, results in a synchronized friendly plan, identified strengths and weaknesses, and updated risk assessment. Notes COA statement must clearly portray how the unit Whether it is set times for prayer, shopping or commuting, people follow patterns. When the leader decides what risks he is willing to accept, he also must decide in his COA how to reduce risk to an acceptable level. The length of crossover time depends on air temperature, soil and vegetation types, amount of cloud cover, and other factors. In short, he strives to determine where, when, and how his unit's combat power (the effects of maneuver, firepower, protection, leadership, and information) can overwhelm the enemy's ability to generate combat power. Cover and concealment is just as vital as clear fields of fire. Leaders at every echelon must understand the mission, intent, and operational concept one and two levels higher. This fact forces leaders to determine how to get assistance when the situation exceeds their capabilities. Other events, such as disasters and those precipitated by military forces, stress and affect the attitudes and activities of the populace and include a moral responsibility to protect displaced civilians. Determine where events will occur that differentiate between EN COAs (these become NAIs) 4. 1 / 38. By defining organizations within the community, leaders can understand what groups have power and influence over their own smaller communities and what groups can assist our forces. War gaming is the process of determining "what if?" What would you have done in our situation? The product must reflect the results of reconnaissance and shared information. He determines the specific quantity of squads, weapons (by type), and fire support necessary to accomplish each task against the enemy array of forces. An avenue of approach is an air or ground route of an attacking force leading to an objective or key terrain. Biographical Sketch. This aspect of civil considerations reinforces the security of the community against poverty and other enablers to instability. Using this technique, they would, but need not, analyze mission first; followed by terrain and weather; enemy; troops and support available; time available; and finally civil considerations. The initial commander's intent describes the purpose of the operation, initial key tasks, and the desired end state. Leaders study their task organization to determine the number, type, capabilities, and condition of available friendly troops and other support. However, if it offers cover and concealment, observation, and good fields of fire on multiple avenues of approach, or on the only avenue of approach, then it offers a definite advantage to whoever controls it. _____ (60 points total) COURSE OF ACTION STATEMENT How will each avenue of approach affect the rate of movement of each type force? A leader may take as much time as needed, while still adhering to the one-third/two-thirds rule. Array initial forces. In common usage, especially when applied to lower military units, a mission is a duty or task assigned to an individual or unit. The sustaining operations purposes are nested to the decisive and shaping operation's purposes by providing sustainment, operational area security, movement control, terrain management, and infrastructure. For sustaining operations, it accomplishes the assigned purpose, which enables both the shaping and decisive operation (again, nested concept). The observer must observe both the impact and effects of indirect fires. What (the unit's essential task and type of operation). Sometime before sunset, I headed out to preflight the aircraft. In such a situation, a leader must rely on information provided by battalion or higher echelon In a time-constrained environment, a platoon leader typically develops only one COA. Ethnic dynamics include religion, cultural mores, gender roles, customs, superstitions, and values certain ethnic groups hold dear which differ from other groups. During the first step of COA development, analyzing relative combat power, leaders compare and contrast friendly combat power with the enemy. How can precipitation (or lack of it) add to the unit achieving surprise? A-98. A-50. Leaders assess risk continuously throughout COA development. Terrain and weather are the most important aspects. We decided to return to the airfield at that point because once we passed the light source, we wouldn't be able to see much of anything. PDF Sketch Recognition for Course of Action Diagrams The decisive point might orient on terrain, enemy, time, or a combination of these. A-101. Where will the enemy be unable to concentrate fires? (Refer to What is the location of current and probable enemy positions? They were calling for three miles visibility, which is certainly legal weather. He also identifies positions where artillery observers can call for indirect fire. Assign Responsibilities One technique is to parallel the TLP based on the products received from higher. A-117. Your browser does not support the video tag. We boarded our aircraft, started the engines and positioned ourselves at the passenger terminal to pick up our first passengers for the evening. Operations/actions consist of numerous activities, events, and tasks. A-60. This is a demo of how to draw a COA Sketch as part of COADEV (Course of Action Development) for use briefing your Operations Order (OPORD) for MS200. He must be able to see his own tasks and enemy actions in relation to time. Prepare a COA statement and sketch (Decisive point, form of maneuver, and statement of each task to be accomplished) Write your mission statement using the 5Ws. When fully boarded, we took off and headed to the first stop. A-45. Capabilities Civil considerations generally focus on the immediate impact of civilians on operations in progress. The decisive point does not simply restate the unit's essential task or purpose; it defines how, where, or when the unit will accomplish its purpose. A-111. The following requirements follow the Figure 9-5 sample from FM 6-0. Military Decision Making Process (Mar 08) 2 A-59. What is the supply status of ammunition, water, fuel (if required), and other necessary items? Consideration of the weather's effects is an essential part of the leader's mission analysis. A-27. Areas For example, a breach requires an assault element, support element, breach element, security element, and possibly a reserve. By focusing on the motivations for civilian labor and creating essential services and prosperity where there was none, unit leaders/commanders can win the support of the civilian who now can feed and clothe his family and now has clean running water. Leaders must identify and understand tasks required to accomplish a given mission. The leader should focus his efforts to develop at least one well-synchronized COA; if time permits, he should develop several. The goal of this step, generating options, is to determine one or more of those ways quickly. Civil considerations are important when conducting operations against terrorist or insurgent forces in urban areas. Gaining complete understanding of the enemy's intentions can be difficult when his situation templates, composition, and disposition are unclear. 2. Information Requirements The leader identifies critical factors such as type, amount, and duration of precipitation. First, leaders consider TTP from doctrine, unit SOPs, history, or other resources to determine if a solution to a similar tactical problem exists already. Analyzing the enemy answers the question, "What is the enemy doing and why?" A-112. This is not for analysis, but to show subordinates the details of the anticipated enemy COA. He includes in this situation template the likely sectors of fire of the enemy weapons and tactical and protective obstacles, either identified or merely templated, which support defensive tasks. MS200 Video lecture about Course of Action (COA) Sketch and Concept Statement The views expressed are those of the speaker and do not reflect the official policy or po MDMP: Course of Action. It was a familiar mission; a flight of two UH-60Ls were to fly a five-and-a-half-hour ring route under night vision goggles. A-109. They need not analyze METT-TC in a particular order. For example, in an attack against a defending enemy, the COA must address the movement to, deployment against, assault of, and consolidation upon the objective. The fifth mission variable of METT-TC is time available. He considers light data and identifies critical conclusions about How can I use each avenue of approach to support my movement and maneuver? Disposition He allocates resources required for the decisive operation's success first and determines the resources needed for shaping operations in descending order of importance. This requires the leader to understand the laws of war, the ROE, and local situation. A-35. Analyzing METT-TC is a continuous process. Leaders to have starting points for terrain analysis must first define their operational environment. PDF From Visual to Logical Representation A GIS-Based Sketching Tool for area of operation as well as the doctrinal requirements for each specified task might reveal the implied tasks. What lateral routes could we use to shift to other axes, and which could the enemy use to threaten our flanks? They maintain understanding of subordinates readiness, including maintenance, training, strengths and weaknesses, leaders, and logistic status. Whenever possible and depending on the existing chain of command, they avoid fracturing unit integrity. Leaders analysis must determine the types of vehicles, Soldiers, and equipment the enemy could use against his unit. He then develops the maneuver control measures necessary to convey his intent, enhance the understanding of the schemes of maneuver, prevent fratricide, and clarify the tasks and purposes of the decisive shaping, and sustaining operations. PDF Company OPORD Development Checklist - The Company Leader Leaders use tactical mission task graphics and control measures (Refer to ADRP 1-02 for more information.) You may begin work on the COA S&S after you have completed the C600 block of instruction and the C634 MDMP Exam. How can the enemy use each avenue of approach? The battle captain instructed us to at least attempt to fly to our first stop. A-124. The COA sketch is a drawing or series of drawings to assist the leader in describing how the operation will unfold. Identify the essential communicators and formal and informal processes used to influence people. The CCIRs identify and filter information needed by leaders to support their vision and to make critical decisions, especially to determine or validate COA. This terrain generally allows wide maneuver and offers unlimited travel over well-developed road networks. I could barely see the ground. This then would restrict the unit's ability to mass the effects of combat power. Soon we had turned back and all the instruments were reading straight and level. They could have a hard time maintaining optimum speed, moving in some types of combat formations, or transitioning from one formation to another. Categories of terrain, severely restricted terrain which severely hinders or slows movement in combat formations unless some effort is made to enhance mobility. We had passengers, field Soldiers, aircrew and our aircraft to consider. What is the present physical condition of Soldiers (morale, sleep)? What is the composition and strength of the enemy force? The object is to determine what can go wrong and what decision the leader likely will have to make as a result. A-69. Each COA the leader develops must be detailed enough to clearly describe how he envisions using all of his assets and combat multipliers to achieve the unit's mission-essential task and purpose. Mission Command - United States Army For example, they might have to move in columns rather than in lines. Using the targeting methodology of D3A (decide, detect, deliver, and assess) may prove useful in determining whether a leader or influencer would best facilitate an operation, when to engage them, and what to expect. CBRN operations usually favor the upwind force. Specified tasks also may be found in annexes and overlays, for example-- "Seize OBJ FOX. Even if time is tight, the leader should allocate as much time as possible to factor, starting at the. Decisive point and what makes it decisive. A-51. Offensive considerations in analyzing observation and fields of fire include , A-55. of the enemy and update their enemy templates as new information or trends become available. "Send two Soldiers to assist in the loading of ammunition. In addition, consider how historical, cultural, and social factors shape public perceptions beliefs, goals, and expectations. In it, leaders show terrain mobility classifications, key terrain, intervisibility lines, known obstacles, avenues of approach, and mobility corridors. The unit has the technical and tactical skills and resources to accomplish the COA, with available time, space, and resources. Analysis of troops and support answers the question: What assets are available to accomplish the mission? Where are the natural target registration points? A leader must convey to his subordinates the importance of these deductions, and effect they will have on the units operations. If the information is available, he determines the echelon force where the enemy originated. He might do it personally, by map, or with his subordinate units, or he can use the assets and information provided by the battalion reconnaissance platoon. A sketch typically includes symbols of friendly and enemy units, assembly. A-115. The memory aid the higher headquarters may use to analyze and describe these civil considerations is ASCOPE. Search and attack operations are conducted by smaller, light maneuver units and air cavalry or air assault units in large areas. COA Development Flashcards | Quizlet The unit's decisive operation always focuses at the decisive point, and always accomplishes the unit's purpose. ", A-33. A-96.People is a general term describing all nonmilitary personnel military forces encountered in the area of operation. This process highlights critical tasks, stimulates ideas, and provides insights rarely gained through mission analysis and COA development alone. Leaders understand their second higher up concepts of the operation. What are the enemy's likely counterattack routes? He determines the disposition of the next two higher enemy elements. At the hangar, the crews continued loading the utility vehicles with necessary supplies and equipment for the mission. It allows the platoon and squads to move with little hindrance. Defensive considerations in analyzing observation and fields of fire. A COA describes how the unit might generate the effects of overwhelming combat power against the enemy at the decisive point with the least friendly casualties. Civil considerations of the environment can either help or hinder friendly or enemy forces; the difference lies in which leader has taken time to learn the situation and its possible effects on the operation. The shaping operations purposes are nested to the decisive operation's purpose by setting the conditions for success of the decisive operation. 5. MDMP Step 3: COA Development Flashcards | Quizlet This product is similar to the MCOO in it shows the critical military aspects of terrain. If the benefits of performing the mission do not significantly outweigh the inherent risks of marginal/borderline weather, the flight should be a no-go or implement alternate transportation to accomplish the mission safely. Write your commanders intent to address key tasks or conditions that must be met to achieve the stated purpose and end state. Using the product from generating options, the leader then determines what combinations of Soldiers, weapons, and other systems are needed to accomplish each task.

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