Find centralized, trusted content and collaborate around the technologies you use most. LogQL also supports aggregation, which can be used to aggregate the elements within a single vector to produce a new vector with fewer elements. #This partial configuration uses IBM Cloud Object Storage (COS) for chunk storage. Java emits logs as JSON. For example /path/subpath and /path/othersubpath are grouped under /path. configure caching, Loki can configure caching for multiple components, either redis or memcached, which can significantly improve performance. A more granular Log Stream Selector reduces the number of streams searched to a manageable number, which can significantly reduce resource consumption during queries by finely matching log streams. The aggregation function we can describe with the following expression. Each expression can filter out, parse, or mutate log lines and their respective labels. include only those log lines that contain the string metrics.go ~). Loki defines Time Durations with the same syntax as Prometheus. Signature: minf(a interface{}, i interface{}) float64, Returns the greatest float value greater than or equal to input value, Returns the greatest float value less than or equal to input value. From the Queries I've been executing nothing is returned. This version uses group_left() to include from the right hand side in the result and returns the cost of discarded events per user, organization, and namespace: LogQL queries can be commented using the # character: With multi-line LogQL queries, the query parser can exclude whole or partial lines using #: There are multiple reasons which cause pipeline processing errors, such as: When those failures happen, Loki wont filter out those log lines. For example `\w+` is the same as "\\w+". Example: If we have the following labels ip=1.1.1.1, status=200 and duration=3000(ms), we can divide the duration by 1000 to get the value in seconds. Step 1: Go to Grafana Configurations and Click on "Data Sources". topk and bottomk are different from other aggregators in that a subset of the input samples, including the original labels, are returned in the result vector. Can contain only one capture group. All labels are injected variables into the template and are available to use with the {{.label_name}} notation. Hi, @owen-d, @cyriltovena, I'm trying to do something that is new to me with a loki query to make up a dashboard. The log lines will be extracted and rewritten to contain only query and the requested duration. Open positions, Check out the open source projects we support Curly braces ({ and }) delimit the stream selector. If you want the regex dot character to match newlines you can use the single-line flag, like so: (?s)search_term.+ matches search_term\n. Email update@grafana.com for help. This log line can be parsed with the expression, - - <_> " <_>" <_> "" <_>. Label filter expressions have support matching IP addresses. The Loki query editor helps you create log and metric queries that use Loki's query language, LogQL. You can specify one or more expressions in this way, the same Unlike logfmt and json (which extract all values implicitly and without arguments), the regexp parser takes a single argument | regexp "" in the form of a regular expression using Golang RE2 syntax. Inspired by PromQL, Loki also has its own query language, called LogQL, which is like a distributed grep that aggregates views of logs. Note: By signing up, you agree to be emailed related product-level information. dst="{{.status}} {{.query}}", in which case the dst tag value will be replaced by the Golang template execution result, which is the same template engine as the | line_format expression, which means that the tag can be used as a variable, or the same function list. Note: By signing up, you agree to be emailed related product-level information. Well demo all the highlights of the major release: new and updated visualizations and themes, data source improvements, and Enterprise features. Grafana lists these variables in dropdown select boxes at the top of the dashboard to help you change the data displayed in your dashboard. It contains two consecutive captures not separated by whitespace characters. Other elements are dropped. Use this function to repeat a string multiple times. If the conversion of the label value fails, the log line is not filtered and an __error__ label is added. For example, use the json parser to extract the tags from the contents of the following files. I've looked through documentation, and so far, I haven't found any such Loki query. Here we illustrate monitoring Kubernetes events as an example. Grouping modifiers can only be used for comparison and arithmetic. Select Show example log message to display a text area where you can enter a log message. Unexpected uint64 behaviour 0xFFFF'FFFF'FFFF'FFFF - 1 = 0? the query results | duration > 30s or status_code!="200" Content Discovery initiative April 13 update: Related questions using a Review our technical responses for the 2023 Developer Survey, Start and end parameters in query label_values (filename) loki, Collecting logs with fluentbit to loki - Indexing custom labels. Signature: fromJson(v string) interface{}. to count error level log entries greater than 10 within 5 minutes. The following example returns the rates requests partitioned by app and status as a percentage of total requests. The expression matches the structure of a log line. A special property _entry will also be used to replace the original log line. For example, to calculate the qps of nginx and group it by pod. If the bool modifier is provided, vector elements that would be dropped instead have the value 0 and vector elements that would be kept have the value 1. Between a vector and a scalar, these operators are applied to the value of every data sample in the vector, and vector elements between which the comparison result is false get dropped from the result vector. LogQL supports a set of built-in functions. Also you may be able to get QF to work by just adding either frontend_address or downstream_url to the config, but I don't personally deploy in monolithic mode, so I can't say for certain. of these in any level of nesting (my.list[0]["field"]). The timezone value can be Local, UTC, or any of the IANA Time Zone database values, Signature: toDateInZone(fmt, zone, str string) time.Time. It's possible that the logs are in a different format to what I'm expecting, or that no Logs are ingested by Loki, and my pipeline is broken somewhere. over the aggregated logs from the matching log streams. Only users with the organization administrator role can add data sources. Sorry, an error occurred. Loki supports functions to operate on data. An unnamed capture appears as <_>. The | label_format expression can rename, modify or add labels. A query in Grafana, based on a Loki data source. Why? Grafana Labs uses cookies for the normal operation of this website. To make querying efficient, Install Grafana Loki with Docker or Docker Compose, 0003: Query fairness across users within tenants. Well demo all the highlights of the major release: new and updated visualizations and themes, data source improvements, and Enterprise features. Grafana refers to such variables as template variables. LogQL uses labels and operators for filtering. Step One Install Grafana on an EC2 Instance Launch a t2.micro EC2 instance. character does not match newlines by default. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. Subtract numbers. The logfmt parser produces the duration and status_code labels, This is the same template engine as the | line_format expression, which means labels are available as variables and you can use the same list of functions. The string type is the only one that can filter out a log line with a label __error__. Other static tags, such as environment, version, etc. For details, refer to the query editor documentation. If an expression filters out a log line, the pipeline will stop processing the current log line and start processing the next log line. rev2023.4.21.43403. The Settings tab of the data source is displayed. Grafana, often with Prometheus, is a popular open source platform for monitoring and observability that can be used to query, visualize, and create alerts on a number of metric and data sources. A stream may contain other pairs of labels and values, A capture is a field name delimited by the < and > characters. Open positions, Check out the open source projects we support However if an extracted key appears twice, only the latest label value will be kept. Connect Grafana to data sources, apps, and more, with Grafana Alerting, Grafana Incident, and Grafana OnCall, Frontend application observability web SDK, Try out and share prebuilt visualizations, Contribute to technical documentation provided by Grafana Labs, Help build the future of open source observability software matches the regular expression regex against the label src_label. with (?i). $ ( '.custom-widget-menu-toggle, .toggle-menu-children' ).removeClass ( 'menu-opened' ); @ismail is currently assigned the tasks to bring it to parity and remove the old Loki indexes only the date, system name and a label for logs. Grafana Loki supports metric queries. On the top of the page, select Loki as your data source and then you can create a simple query by clicking on Log labels. If a capture is not matched, the pattern parser will stop. The renamed form dst=src will remove the src tag after remapping it to the dst tag, however, the template form will retain the referenced tag, for example dst="{{.src}}" results in both dst and src having the same value. Click on "Add data source" and search for Loki and Click on it. This means that fewer tags lead to smaller indexes, which leads to better performance, so we should always think twice before adding tags. and a label of name whose value is mysql-backup will be included in More details can be found in the Golang language documentation. The above example means that all log streams with the tag app and the value mysql and the tag name and the value mysql-backup will be included in the query results. Open positions, Check out the open source projects we support Optionally the label identifier can be wrapped by a conversion function | unwrap (label_identifier), which will attempt to convert the label value from a specific format. We would like to use Loki to search logs up to 7 days and after that it . =~: regex matches. Using basic authorization and a derived field: You must escape the dollar ($) character in YAML values because it can be used to interpolate environment variables: In this example, the Jaeger data sources uid value should match the Loki data sources datasourceUid value. For example, you can link to your tracing backend directly from your logs, or link to a user profile page if the log line contains a corresponding userId. This is mainly to allow filtering errors from the metric extraction. If the original embedded log lines are in a specific format, you can use unpack in combination with a json parser (or other parser). Returns a textual representation of the time value formatted according to the provided golang datetime layout. And a label should only appear in one of the lists specified by on and group_x. A log pipeline can be appended to a log stream selector to further process and filter log streams. This powerful feature creates metrics from logs. Supports multiple numbers. For example, if we want to filter logs with level=error, we just use the expression {app="fake-logger"} | json | level="error" to do so. Install Grafana Loki with Docker or Docker Compose, 0003: Query fairness across users within tenants. Downloads. Return the streams matching app=foo without app labels that have higher counts within the last minute than their counterparts matching app=bar without app labels: Same as above, but vectors have their values set to 1 if they pass the comparison or 0 if they fail/would otherwise have been filtered out: When chaining or combining operators, you have to consider operator precedence: The only way to filter out errors is by using a label filter expressions. By default, the system matches and, unless, and or operations with all entries in the right vector. The labels will be extracted as shown below. Not the answer you're looking for? Line filter expressions are the fastest way to filter logs once the This means that the labels passed to the log stream selector will affect the relative performance of the querys execution. Well demo all the highlights of the major release: new and updated visualizations and themes, data source improvements, and Enterprise features. For example, given these fake logs: GET /foo/bar GET /foo/baz GET /quux/ GET /foo GET /baz The last example will return Hello World. For internal links, you can select the target data source from a selector. where unwrap expression is a special expression that can only be used in metric queries. All log streams that have both a label of app whose value is mysql If we wish to match only the contents of msg=", we can use the following expression to do so. You can take advantage of pipeline to join together multiple functions. For example with cluster="namespace" the cluster is the label identifier, the operation is = and the value is namespace. Downloads. The regular expression must contain a least one named sub-match (e.g (?Pre)), each sub-match will extract a different label. A complete query with a regular expression: Filter operators can be chained. However to select which label will be used within the aggregation, the log query must end with an unwrap expression and optionally a label filter expression to discard errors. The parsers json, logfmt, pattern, regexp and unpack are currently supported. not all queries will have line and label filters. # A trusted profile will be used for authenticating with COS. We can either pass # the trusted profile name or trusted profile ID along with the compute resource token file. Set operations are only valid in the interval vector range, and currently support, LogQL supports the same comparison operators as PromQL, including. Grafana Loki documentation LogQL: Log query language Query examples Open source Query examples These LogQL query examples have explanations of what the queries accomplish. Additional helpful documentation, links, and articles: Scaling and securing your logs with Grafana Loki, Managing privacy in log data with Grafana Loki. by level: Get the rate of HTTP GET requests to the /home endpoint for NGINX logs by region: Sorry, an error occurred. Signature: unixEpoch(date time.Time) string. |= "metrics.go" # If we pass both trusted profile name and trusted profile ID it should be of # the same trusted profile. Signature: default(d string, src string) string. Open positions, Check out the open source projects we support Take the following image from Getting started with logging and Grafana Loki as an example, ingester 03 and 04 (the next ingester, clockwise in the . Python script that identifies the country code of a given IP address. These filter operators are supported: Note: Unlike the label matcher regex operators, the |~ and !~ regex operators are not fully anchored. Example of a query to print how many times XYZ occurs in a line: Convert a humanized byte string to bytes using go-humanize, Convert a humanized time duration to seconds using time.ParseDuration, Signature: duration_seconds(string) float64. And you'll see this. Install Grafana Loki with Docker or Docker Compose, 0003: Query fairness across users within tenants, Many-to-one and one-to-many vector matches, A numeric label filter may fail to turn a label value into a number. For more information, refer to Add ad hoc filters. This means that all the following expressions are equivalent: The precedence for evaluation of multiple predicates is left to right. It takes as parameter a comma separated list of equality operations, enabling multiple operations at once. Vector elements for which the expression is not true or which do not find a match on the other side of the expression get dropped from the result, while the others are propagated into a result vector. LogQL shares the range vector concept of Prometheus. =: exact match ! In addition, we can format the output logs according to our needs using line_format, for example, we use the query statement {app="fake-logger"} | json |is_even="true" | line_format "logs generated in {{.time}} on {{.level}}@ {{.pod}} Pod generated log {{.msg}}" to format the log output. This complete query example will give results that include the string error, then the timeseries is returned unchanged.
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