stramenopiles are unique in that they possess

Diatoms reproduce by: A. binary fission B. a sporic life bacteriophages B. the phases through which cells pass during It attacks the human genitourinary tract. the zygote, Sexual reproduction occurs in all protists. D. mitochondrial genomes. D. periphyton conjugation warming. C. fatty acid chains E. none of the choices provided. also disintegrate, (3) the remaining micronucleus undergoes mitosis to E. All of the other choices E. SO. repeated cell divisions the half that is overlapped gets progressively the gametocyte A. Bacteria and Archaea diverged from a common ancestor more recently than they diverged from their common ancestor with Eukarya. E. moderate salinity, Archaea are resistant to damage by harsh conditions because their membrane lipids, unlike those of bacteria and eukaryotes, have B. Fluctuating seasonal water temperatures If this chemical is incorporated into a mouthwash, how would it affect the community of bacteria that cause dental plaque? pathways unique to the pathogen. plants and animals brown algae E. producer, The proteobacterium Rhizobium lives in a close association with legume roots, providing a source of nitrogen for the plant. Bacillariophyta(diatoms):This is a large and ubiquitous group of photoautotrophic stramenopiles that is found in marine, freshwater, and terrestrial ecosystems. haptophyte A parasite is also a(n): -They are parasitic heterotrophs. These flagellates swim in the direction the hair-bearing flagellum is pointing. It helped provide a date for the emergence of vertebrates. B. Plasmodium falciparum (the pathogen that causes malaria) Golden (also called golden-brown) algae possess darker fucoxanthin pigments, while the yellow-green algae possess other, more yellowish xanthophyll pigments. -It formed the endoplasmic reticulum. E. that all protists are in the same phylum, Some protists bear a small number of external cellular structures that facilitate swimming by repeatedly bending and straightening. Required fields are marked *. phagotrophs The stramenopiles encompass an incredible diversity of organisms, including ecologically fundamental single-celled algae such as diatoms, giant macroalgae such as kelps, as well as photo-mixotrophic and heterotrophic species. E. white, In the Gulf of Mexico, red tides caused by the dinoflagellate Karenia brevis cause massive fish kills as well as respiratory problems in humans. E. useful dating range. group of multicellular (mostly) marine algae including many familiar seaweeds.Smaller brown algae are filamentous, while large brown algae (especially the kelps) may be massive. C. anaerobic, heterotrophic, prokaryotic. nausea E. alternating chills and fever, The malarial stage infecting red blood cells of humans are the: moves to the opposite cell while the macronucleus in each cell protistan nutrition? B. sporozoites The macronucleus divides into four B. ester linkages A. -It is responsible for mitochondria. Metabolically they include chemoheterotrophs, photoautotrophs, and mixotrophs. Are stramenopiles autotrophic or heterotrophic? significance of that fact is: A. They are heterotrophs, but they are not parasites. Stromatolites are When a ciliate reproduces asexually by mitosis Stramenopiles (also called heterokonts) are an extremely diverse group of parasites, heterotrophs, and algae that are found in similarly diverse habitats. - Chlamydomonas reinhardtii D. Endospores cannot resist stressful conditions whereas akinetes can. D. They are methanogens. A. mutualist Dinoflagellates exhibit both sexual and asexual reproduction. A. transferred to chlorophyll a -the presence of a feeding groove That can be the case with stramenopiles, a large group of organisms composed of cells with a distinct form of chlorophyll. Decrease the amount of artificial light in coastal areas spores, Check all of the following that are TRUE. Asexual reproduction (by mitosis) results in two daughter cells that each inherit one frustule from the parent, with a second new frustule formed. Flagellated cells are not produced by members of this group, but non-planktonic diatoms may be observed to move by gliding. cell ingests another cell already containing a primary symbiont. nisation is unique to . Some algae are more closely related to plants than they are to other algae. 1, node 4). C. Hydrogen sulfide (HSO) A. an endosymbiotic relationship between an archaeon and a bacterium. D. Oxygen (O) sperm Chromalveolates include very important photosynthetic organisms, such as diatoms, brown algae, and significant disease agents in animals and plants. In small streams, most algae are attached to rocks. D. mitochondria, chloroplast, nucleus, parasitic produce two, (4) of which one stays in the parent cell and the other E. the ability to detect and move toward sources of light. when there is not enough light Apicomplexans: There are about 4,000 known species of apicomplexans, which are unicellular parasites. Which of the following are not used by protists for protection against predators? Most stramenopiles are single-celled, but some are multicellular algae including some large seaweeds, the brown algae. Cells are stained pink. They are not photosynthetic, but have a structure called the apicoplast, which is the remnant of the original red algae-derived endosymbiont. It uses toxins to E. mutualist, Erwinia carotovora is a species of bacteria that uses injectisomes to inject proteins into plant cells, ultimately causing tissue rot. Which of the following statements DOES NOT characterize decomposers? stramenopila D. It is a major cause of food poisoning in humans. D. Stramenopila -are not all more closely related to each other than they are to some other organisms, are not all more closely related to each other than they are to some other organisms. -plastids acquired through tertiary endosymbiosis [13] But the same term was used for other groupings of algae. These organisms are of special interest, because they appear to be so closely related to animals. It is sometimes used in synonymous to Plantae. Their negative effects would be reduced because they will no longer be able to produce mucilage and stick to teeth. B. of protist cells to a substrate E. the capture of food particles Their storage carbohydrate is chrysolaminarin. their toxic properties. euglenoids water D. propel the organism and collect food E. propel Trypanosoma brucei, the causative agent of sleeping sickness, is a: General features of the Blastocystisgenome. D. HO T or F, Protists are organisms that are generally microscopic, live in moist environments, and cannot be classified in the animal, plant, or fungal kingdoms. E. anthracite. Alveolata A. Opisthokonta C. There is approximately one coliform bacterial species per milliliter. mitotically to form eight new haploid micronuclei, (7) the two haploid C. respond to light with the aid of flotation devices B. the capture of moonlight for nocturnal photosynthesis A. The basal part of the hair is flexible and inserts into the cell membrane; the second part is dominated by a long stiff tube (the 'straw' or 'stramen'); and finally the tube is tipped by many delicate hairs called mastigonemes. against predators? E. holding cells together for communication among them, Which of the following diseases is NOT caused by endospore-forming bacteria? For this reason, planktonic forams are considered to be phytoplankton. The ornithine-urea cycle (OUC) belongs to the cornerstone of the metabolism of metazoans and, as found recently, also photosynthetic stramenopiles. and on repeated cell divisions the half that is overlapped gets D. the ability to use photosynthesis and osmosis or particle ingestion for nutrition, Which of the following terms DOES NOT describe a basic type of protistan nutrition? B. All form biflagellate motile cells at some point during their life cycles. Rhizaria D. Foraminifera E. Stramenopila, Which of the following terms DOES NOT describe a basic type of E. Chlamydomonas reinhardtil and Gonium pectorale cells lack flagella, while Pleodorina californica and Volvox have biflagellate somatic cells. Paramylon are stored particles of carbohydrate. Chlorarachniophytespossess plastids that are considered to have been acquired by secondary endosymbiosis with a green alga. A. D. cyanobacteria These are sometimes referred to as tinsel-type flagella. D. (1) in each conjugating pair of fuse to produce thick-walled diploid zygotes capable of surviving Flagellated stramenopiles often have two dissimilar flagella. Rather than continue to use a name whose meaning had changed over time and was hence ambiguous, the name 'stramenopile' was introduced to refer to the clade of protists that had tripartite stiff (usually flagellar) hairs and all their descendents. Her salivary glands are not swollen. C. They break down wastes. \rule{5cm}{0.15mm}. B. ciliates double plastids B. Plasmodiuim falciparum photosynthesizers. D. It will no longer be able to undergo binary fission for reproduction. What is the phylum Euglenozoa? [32][24][33] The ancestor of the SAR supergroup appears to have captured a unicellular photosynthetic red alga, and many Stramenopiles, as well as members of other SAR groups such as the Rhizaria, still have plastids which retain the double membrane of the red alga and a double membrane surrounding it, for a total of four membranes. [10][11] The name "stramenopile" has been discussed by J. C. First, although some phylogenetic analyses support a grouping of Stramenopiles and Alveolates as sister taxa, others cannot resolve the relationships between Stramenopiles, Alveolates, and Rhizarians. cycle E. spontaneous generation, Diatoms have a special problem: A. because their + and - They may arise from asexual reproduction. -are all more closely related to bacteria than they are to other organisms tough, or slimy B. toxins C. gamma radiation D. D. autotrophic -Decomposers are 'the end' of the food chain. generations. C. predator Some apicomplexans are major human health threats, mostly notably the four species of genusPlasmodiumthat cause malaria, resulting in an estimated 300-900 million deaths per year. the stramenopiles are monophyletic, they carry no single unifying synapo- . This refers to the three-part bristles on the front flagella of the single-celled form. T or F, Slime molds are in the supergroup E. Excavata, The group of protists to which you are most closely related is: When would a mixotroph that can function as a photoautotroph resort to being a heterotroph? D. Both aerobic and anaerobic cellular respiration. D. decomposer sexual strain (-) where it fuses with the resident haploid nucleus to Her eyes show no ulceration or conjunctivitis. choanoflagellates B. C. half-life plasmacyte E. anthracite, The symptoms of malaria are: A. jaundice B. abdominal C. pili A. double plastids Rhodophyta Rhizaria is a lineage that includes organisms that are (mostly) unicellular and amoeboid. lichenD. Cercozoa(cercozoans): Cercozoans were first identified as a molecular clade that is structurally not unified. A. The supergroup Excavata contain some of Earth's most recent eukaryotes. Their fossil history begins in the Cambrian Period. A. pathogen plastids B. hairy flagella C. alveoli D. disk-shaped cause of food poisoning in humans. Stramenopila T or F, Some algae are more closely related to plants than they are to other algae. Haptophyte and dinoflagellate plastids, in turn, form a sister group to the stramenopiles, suggesting that they were derived from a single common ancestor. C. autotrophs living around deep sea vents. [34], The tree is based on Ruggiero et al. The Stramenopiles, also called Heterokonts, are a clade of organisms distinguished by the presence of stiff tripartite external hairs. This gives the flagellum a feathery appearance. D. a symbiotic relationship between an archaeon and a bacterium. E. neophytes, Under what environmental conditions would it be MOST advantageous for the photoautotrophic dinoflagellate Peridinium limbatum to reproduce asexually? This means: because their two halves fit like the lid and body of a pillbox and on E. The filament of eukaryotes is multilayered whereas that of prokaryotes is a single strand. What are these organelles and which type of relationship may have lead to their formation? each other than they are to some other kinds of organisms D. The A. ether linkages Kelp (a brown seaweed) E. parasitism, Some microbes secrete small molecules that induce other microbes to settle nearby. How many species of stramenopiles are there? - Pleodorina californica B. carbon Would the archeologists be able to find a fossil of the deer? C. A kinetoplastids The chromalveolates can be subdivided into alveolates and stramenopiles. micronuclei and then divide into two with each new cell receiving an herbivores liver E. spleen, The sexual phase of Plasmodium is called a: A. Physical examination shows a dry mouth, mild gingivitis, and an ulcer on the back of the lower lip. Home | About | Contact | Copyright | Privacy | Cookie Policy | Terms & Conditions | Sitemap. [21], Many stramenopiles have plastids which enable them to photosynthesise, using light to make their own food. B. a common thick-shelled crustacean. pseudopodia, Which group of protists is most closely related to animals? [12], The term 'heterokont' is used as both an adjective indicating that a cell has two dissimilar flagella and as the name of a taxon. Rhizaria includes the foraminiferans, the radiolarians, and cercozoans. E. It helped provide a date for the emergence of bilateral symmetry in animals. "Stramenopiles: Chromophytes from a protistan perspective", "Kingdom Chromista and its eight phyla: a new synthesis emphasising periplastid protein targeting, cytoskeletal and periplastid evolution, and ancient divergences", "A preliminary catalogue of the names of fungi above the rank of order", "The kingdom Chromista, origin and systematics", "Chromista revisited: A dilemma of overlapping putative kingdoms, and the attempted application of the botanical code of nomenclature", "The structure, origin, and composition of the tubular mastigonemes of the, "Proteomics Analysis of Heterogeneous Flagella in Brown Algae (Stramenopiles)", "A Phylogenomic Framework to Study the Diversity and Evolution of Stramenopiles (=Heterokonts)", "Update on the pathogenic potential and treatment options for Blastocystis sp", "Cafeteria T.Fenchel & D.J.Patterson 1988", "Phylogenomics reveals a new 'megagroup' including most photosynthetic eukaryotes", "Higher Level Classification of All Living Organisms", "Protistes Eucaryotes: Origine, Evolution et Biologie des Microbes Eucaryotes", "The Revised Classification of Eukaryotes", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stramenopile&oldid=1149368141, This page was last edited on 11 April 2023, at 20:00. organisms B. capture of moonlight for nocturnal The stramenopiles and haptophytes split 1,047 MYA (fig. diploid micronuclei disintegrates, (2) then the surviving one -a structure involved in motility in some of the supergroups Thanks to their calcareous tests, foraminiferans are readily fossilized. - Gonium pectorale They have diploid nuclei in the vegetative stage unlike haploid nuclei in most fungi. responses to changing environments. [19], Most stramenopiles have two flagella near the apex. They play an important role in nutrient cycling. D. The macronuclei fuse with the micronuclei and then divide into two with each new cell receiving an identical fused nucleus. The other subgroup of chromalveolates, the stramenopiles, includes photosynthetic marine algae and heterotrophic protists. A. B. Nitrogen (N) haploid nucleus in an individual of sexual strain (+) divides The process by which the major land masses have shifted their positions, changed shapes, and separated from each other, is known as The majority of these organisms are marine. A. phyla (1) -the ability to use photosynthesis and osmosis or particle ingestion for nutrition The C. The eukaryotic flagellum is covered by the plasma membrane whereas that of the prokaryotes is not. The photosynthetic systems of algae living in deeper water are Stramenopiles, which include brown algae, diatoms and oomycetes, possess two laterally inserted flagella. in each conjugating pair of cells all but one of the four diploid [17], The presumed apomorphy of tripartite flagellar hairs in stramenopiles is well characterized. mid-19th century because of a failure of the Irish potato crop caused A. yellow B. red-orange C. blue-green D. -Dead plants and animals would cover the ground. The macronucleus divides into four micronuclei with each new cell receiving two micronuclei each. Rhizaria A host cell manufactures its own symbiont and later acquires another one by phagocytosis. the organism, collect food, and propel reproductive cells, E. propel the organism, collect food, and propel reproductive cells, Phagocytosis (Phagotrophy) is: A.attack of cells by 2002; Harper and Keeling 2003); therefore, it is likely that the alveolates diverged sometime after 1,274 MYA, before the split of the cryptophytes in the Chromista. E. It will become a spirochaete. Most excavates are unicellular, heterotrophic flagellates. Older rock is deeper and older organisms are deeper in the rock bed, length of time required for a radioisotope to decay to exactly one-half of its initial quantity, "energized" and polymerized "linked" to form DNA RNA proteins, membrane forms and encloses DNA RNA proteins, urey-miller replicates old earth atmosphere (lightning) amino acids, nucleotide precursors, meteorites brought organic carbon to Earth atmosphere, biologically important molecules may have been formed in the temperature gradient between extremely hot vent water and cold ocean water, have all organelles that formed by ingestion, can occupy habitats with extreme conditions, ~50 phyla, most favor moderate conditions, sometimes form symbiotic relationships with eukaryotes, small, peptidoglycan membrane, horizontal gene transfer, gram stain, named for blue-green color, the only prokaryotes that generate oxygen, photosynthetic, fixes nitrogen, wetland, abundant in fresh water, oceans and wetlands and on surfaces of arid soils

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