genetically modified food reading comprehension

What is the writer's main purpose for writing about GM foods. Future GM organisms are likely to include plants with improved resistance against plant disease or drought, crops with increased nutrient levels, fish species with enhanced growth characteristics. Because GMO sugar beets are resistant to herbicides, growing GMO sugar beets helps farmers control weeds in their fields. *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. A Timeline of Genetic Modification in Modern Agriculture. Genetic modification significantly accelerates this process by using scientific techniques that give the plant the specific desired trait. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you're on a federal government site. 1953: Building on the discoveries of chemist Rosalind Franklin, scientists James Watson and Francis Crick identify the structure of DNA. Several factors are involved. Useful for lessons focused on the growth of GMO agriculture, the video helps students see the complexities of this new approach to agriculture, and sets up a classroom discussion on the costs and benefits that GMOs bring to food and farming. 3 0 obj (2016). A person grows plants from the new seeds. However, this label is voluntary. In 2020, GMO soybeans made up 94% of all soybeans planted, GMO cotton made up 96% of all cotton planted, and 92% of corn planted was GMO corn. To be safe, Calgene sought approval from the Federal Drug Administration, which eventually ruled the Flavr Savr was as safe as tomatoes bred by traditional methods. Why are certain groups concerned about the growing influence of the chemical industry on agriculture? This project can be used in a genetics unit to dig deeper into genetically modified organisms (GMOs)/ genetically modified foods with your class. The American Cancer Society (ACS) has stated that theres no evidence to link GMO food intake to an increased or decreased risk of cancer (20). Determine the central ideas or conclusions of a text; summarize complex concepts, processes, or information presented in a text by paraphrasing them in simpler but still accurate terms. Biofortification increases the nutritional value of crops. 1. PDF {EBOOK} Animal Farm Comprehension Check Questions And Answers Pdf Starting on January 1, 2022, all large food manufacturers in the . This test focuses on genetically modified organisms. Several countries have adopted strategies to reduce mixing, including a clear separation of the fields within which GM crops and conventional crops are grown. https://www.government.nl/topics/biotechnology/antibiotic-resistant-genes, https://www.ams.usda.gov/rules-regulations/be, https://www.cancer.org/healthy/eat-healthy-get-active/acs-guidelines-nutrition-physical-activity-cancer-prevention/common-questions.html, https://royalsociety.org/topics-policy/projects/gm-plants/could-eating-gm-food-have-an-effect-on-my-genes/, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18989835/, https://www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/food-genetically-modified, https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents/guidance-industry-voluntary-labeling-indicating-whether-foods-have-or-have-not-been-derived, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772566921000045, https://www.fda.gov/food/agricultural-biotechnology/how-gmos-are-regulated-food-and-plant-safety-united-states, https://climatescience.org/advanced-food-GMO?gclid=CjwKCAjwxZqSBhAHEiwASr9n9GYnSYJH_h6Lqu3KKDTcCAP97J7_qjvIiCYlX3xZ_SJLUVd5ham7LhoC28oQAvD_BwE, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK424534/, https://royalsociety.org/topics-policy/projects/gm-plants/is-it-safe-to-eat-gm-crops/, https://www.cell.com/trends/plant-science/fulltext/S1360-1385(22)00004-8?_returnURL=https%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS1360138522000048%3Fshowall%3Dtrue, https://www.ipcc.ch/srccl/chapter/chapter-5/, https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2018/12/21/2018-27283/national-bioengineered-food-disclosure-standard, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0278691518309037, https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/adoption-of-genetically-engineered-crops-in-the-us/recent-trends-in-ge-adoption.aspx, https://www.fda.gov/food/agricultural-biotechnology/science-and-history-gmos-and-other-food-modification-processes, https://www.fda.gov/food/food-new-plant-varieties/understanding-new-plant-varieties, https://www.fda.gov/media/135274/download, https://royalsociety.org/topics-policy/projects/gm-plants/what-is-gm-and-how-is-it-done/, https://www.fda.gov/food/agricultural-biotechnology/why-do-farmers-us-grow-gmo-crops, https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2120901118, New clues to slow aging? Initially GM seed developers wanted their products to be accepted by producers and have concentrated on innovations that bring direct benefit to farmers (and the food industry generally). What are the issues of concern for the environment? Why are GM foods produced? Europeans tend to be skeptical about the consumption of genetically modified foods and there is strong consumer pressure, supported by the Green parties, to ban farmers from growing GM crops in the . (2022). 1866: Gregor Mendel, an Austrian monk, breeds two different types of peas and identifies the basic process of genetics. For example, one of the most common GMO crops is Bt corn, which is genetically modified to produce the insecticide Bt toxin. Why has there been concern about GM foods among some politicians, public interest groups and consumers? It is worth noting that 99.9% of all sugar beet harvested in the U.S. is GMO, as well as over 90% of all canola, corn, soybean, and cotton. These different assessments in general follow the same basic principles, including an assessment of environmental and human health risk. Canola oil is used in many packaged foods to improve food consistency. It kills all the weeds in the field, but the GMO crops survive. What GMO crops are grown and sold in the U.S.? By inserting the Bt gene into the DNA of the corn plant, scientists gave it the insect resistance trait. GM crops with higher nutrient content (e.g. Some day people will see that genetically modified food can solve many of the world's problems. Scientists use genetic rewiring to increase lifespan of cells, Beyond amyloid and tau: New targets in developing dementia treatments, Napping longer than 30 minutes linked to higher risk of obesity and high blood pressure, Activity 'snacks' could lower blood sugar, complication risk in type 1 diabetes, In Conversation: Investigating the power of music for dementia. GMO alfalfa is primarily used to feed cattlemostly dairy cows. web animal farm comprehension check questions and answers may 2nd 2018 genetically modified food controversies An animal affected by genetic modifications Skills Practiced Reading comprehension - ensure that you pull the most important information from the related lesson on genetically engineered. You can avoid GMOs by limiting GMO ingredients, eating locally, or buying 100% organic. The likelihood that any food derived from corn, cottonseed, soybean, canola, or sugar beet will be GMO food in the U.S. is 90% or higher. (2020). This debate is likely to continue, probably in the broader context of other uses of biotechnology (e.g. This example uses a type of insect-resistant corn called Bt corn. Keep in mind that the processes for creating a GMO plant, animal, or microorganism may be different. GMOs, also called genetically engineered (GE) foods, have had their genes altered in a way that would not occur naturally or they can contain genes that are inserted from another organism. The cornerstone of the Protocol is a requirement that exporters seek consent from importers before the first shipment of LMOs intended for release into the environment. GMOs are foods that have been modified using genetic techniques. Compared to the new in formation in science, some of the idea How GMO crops have come to dominate agricultural production and consumption processes. As such, the GMO crops dont need to be exposed to harmful pesticides as often (3). plants, animals or microorganisms) in which the genetic material (DNA) has been altered in a way that does not occur naturally by mating and/or natural recombination. Travels in the Genetically Modified Zone by Winston, Mark L. - eBay Are GMO foods good or bad for the environment? Generally consumers consider that conventional foods (that have an established record of safe consumption over the history) are safe. Whats the difference between a genetically modified tomato like the Flavr Savr and genetic modifications like those carried out for centuries through plant breeding practices? Pro/Con (nonfiction), 2,264 words, Level Z2 (Grade 5+), Lexile 1360L. 1990s: The first wave of GMO produce created through genetic engineering becomes available to consumers: summer squash, soybeans, cotton, corn, papayas, tomatoes, potatoes, and canola. 2 Gm food English ESL worksheets pdf & doc - iSLCollective Some GMO cotton plants are used to create cotton fiber that is then used to make fabric for clothing and other materials. Learn more about GMO Crops and Food for Animals. Essential reading. This means that animals that eat GMO food do not turn into GMOs. Most GMO corn is created to resist insect pests or tolerate herbicides. Environmental risk assessments cover both the GMO concerned and the potential receiving environment. Codex developed principles for the human health risk analysis of GM foods in 2003. Additionally, with Earth's ever-increasing . What happens when GM foods are traded internationally? genetically modified food. They must meet the same safety requirements as non-GMO foods. reading comprehension of a text on genetically modified food, inserted on the topic healthy habits. The technology is often called "modern biotechnology" or "gene technology", sometimes also "recombinant DNA technology" or "genetic engineering". Let's break it down word by word. (2022). This has led to even more Roundup being sprayed on crops to kill the resistant weeds because they can affect the crop harvest (21, 22, 23). Worksheets that save paper, ink and time. In this example, scientists wanted to create insect-resistant corn to reduce the need to spray pesticides. Its also worth noting that any food labeled 100% organic does not contain any GMO ingredients, because U.S. law prohibits this. Use the reread strategy to As a matter of principle, the transfer of genes from commonly allergenic organisms to non-allergic organisms is discouraged unless it can be demonstrated that the protein product of the transferred gene is not allergenic. In recent decades, ultra-processed foods have become common in diets worldwide. Both beet and cane sugar are found in many foods, including sweets and sodas. The written task is about cloning. People can start using GMOs in their farms c. A new law requiring GMO labeling. Find out how food intolerances differ from food allergies, what causes them. The .gov means its official.Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. (2020). For starters, many GMO crops have been genetically modified to express a gene that protects them against pests and insects. Depending on the region of the world, people often have different attitudes to food. A study from the mid-1990s found that adding a protein from Brazil nuts to GMO soybeans could trigger an allergic reaction in people sensitive to Brazil nuts. To be transparent, Calgene made sure packages of Flavr Savr tomatoes were labelled as genetically engineered, with an 800 number to field customer questions. So far, scientists have found no evidence that commercially available GMO foods are dangerous for health. Amazon Kunde. (2016). Other topics debated by consumer organizations have included allergenicity and antimicrobial resistance. Due to a lack of long-term human studies, more research is needed. Human health effects of genetically engineered crops. The technology is often called modern biotechnology or gene technology, sometimes also recombinant DNA technology or genetic engineering. The safety assessment of GM foods generally focuses on: (a) direct health effects (toxicity), (b) potential to provoke allergic reaction (allergenicity); (c) specific components thought to have nutritional or toxic properties; (d) the stability of the inserted gene; (e) nutritional effects associated with genetic modification; and (f) any unintended effects which could result from the gene insertion. The issue of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) is an ongoing, nuanced, and highly contentious issue. * |68xDWdX*x|Za}JrwwrE >^7}+ga/^n}!d"DS*qC}na G>ThqY,c#LNS834ZQC]i!TS"uC8a"vI6h>6xU{[pMM{"M([6vMp* _ri#!>IMU)A& V`4z7=GbqIu4%\0JQ4u 56e9G"J_C )&,K] guxMG#,/T _'Pa"HJwvM=j,D/l/}z-a1hm3pKKzyo`~nFTE#Iwvw&e/rK/|1 ]/znk$ ZT{5gE4icdzfWKM>+a Guidance for industry: Voluntary labeling indicating whether foods have or have not been derived from genetically engineered plants. These groups fear that as a result of the interest of the chemical industry in seed markets, the range of varieties used by farmers may be reduced mainly to GM crops. Herbicide tolerance is achieved through the introduction of a gene from a bacterium conveying resistance to some herbicides. b. The GM crops currently on the market are mainly aimed at an increased level of crop protection through the introduction of resistance against plant diseases caused by insects or viruses or through increased tolerance towards herbicides. No prep, no formatting, no issues. GM foods are developed and marketed because there is some perceived advantage either to the producer or consumer of these foods. Live Worksheets What can bugs do that make it hard to be a farmer? The crops produced in this way are called GMO crops. Agricultural Biotechnology, Recalls, Market Withdrawals and Safety Alerts, Science and History of GMOs and Other Food Modification Processes, Agricultural Biotechnology Education and Outreach Initiative, Spread the Word About Feed Your Mind: Stakeholder Toolkit, National Bioengineered Food Disclosure Standard. Report abuse. By making this toxin, the corn is able to resist pests, reducing the need for pesticides (3). In addition, some GMO potato varieties have been developed to resist bruising and browning that can occur when potatoes are packaged, stored, and transported, or even cut in your kitchen. After scientists find the gene with the desired trait, they copy that gene. Codex principles do not have a binding effect on national legislation, but are referred to specifically in the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures of the World Trade Organization (SPS Agreement), and WTO Members are encouraged to harmonize national standards with Codex standards. Many GMO crops also become ingredients in other foods, for example: Genetic modification is when scientists insert new DNA into the gene pool of an existing plant. The GalSafe pig was developed to be free of detectable alpha-gal sugar on its cell surfaces. These are the same types of proteins that organic farmers use to control insect pests, and they do not harm beneficial insects, such as ladybugs. GMO foods could help maintain supplies in the face of changing environmental conditions and a growing population. This has also had an impact on discussions about the acceptability of GM foods. In 2009, some researchers suggested that GMO foods might impact the liver, kidney, pancreas, and reproductive system. endobj In the laboratory, scientists grow the new corn plant to ensure it has adopted the desired trait (insect resistance). Reading Comprehension. More than 95% of animals used for meat and dairy in the United States eat GMO crops. To make it easier for consumers to know if the foods they eat contain GMO ingredients, the U.S. Department of Agriculture maintains a list of bioengineered foods available throughout the world. Questions? Issues of concern include: the capability of the GMO to escape and potentially introduce the engineered genes into wild populations; the persistence of the gene after the GMO has been harvested; the susceptibility of non-target organisms (e.g. The main concerns around GMOs involve allergies, cancer, and environmental issues all of which may affect the consumer. for only $13.00 $11.05/page. where pest pressure is high. &_k2~Bk6{ZdwRy(dBIsK&Q(f F#Y#V9Io7l/:,=Eq_'@BtV& Next, scientists use tools to insert the gene into the DNA of the plant. <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> Then, they find an organism (plant, animal, or microorganism) that already has that trait within its genes. Loveteaching last logged in on 2023-04-27, and has shared 196 resources on iSLCollective so far. The site is secure. Sugar beets are used to make granulated sugar. Presently, some foods may have a third-party Non-GMO project verified label, which indicates that the product contains no GMOs. Todays strawberries are a cross between a strawberry species native to North America and a strawberry species native to South America. FDA requires that all food for animals, like food for human foods, be safe for animals to eat, be produced under clean conditions, contain no harmful substances, and be accurately labeled. It includes several tasks (reading comprehension + grammar). More than half the granulated sugar packaged for grocery store shelves is made from GMO sugar beets. We link primary sources including studies, scientific references, and statistics within each article and also list them in the resources section at the bottom of our articles. Learn what the terms cured and uncured bacon actually mean when you see them in the store. The FDA Center for Veterinary Medicine manages this responsibility. Medicines developed through genetic engineering go through an in-depth FDA approval process. GMO stands for Genetically Modified Organism. OJ L 268, 18.10.2003, p. 1-23. (2019). Are there implications for the rights of farmers to own their crops? Only a few types of GMO crops are grown in the United States, but some of these GMOs make up a large percentage of the crop grown (e.g., soybeans, corn, sugar beets, canola, and cotton). Moreover, this could make them safer than other foods, which do not undergo testing. In addition, current research suggests that GMO foods are safe for consumption (13). How GMOs are regulated for food and plant safety in the United States. Food insecurity, or not having enough food to eat, is a real problem for many people around the world. While GMO crops make farming much easier, there is some concern around their potential effect on the environment and their safety for human consumption specifically surrounding illnesses and allergies (5). While genetically-engineered foods are labelled in Europe, they are not required to be labelled in this country. When you hear the term GMO you probably think of food. While its possible to naturally give foods desirable traits through selective breeding, this process takes many generations. Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) can be defined as organisms (i.e. GM foods currently available on the international market have passed safety assessments and are not likely to present risks for human health. endobj . Monsanto has since become the dominant player in the field of bioengineered foods, but the companys reluctance to label its products as genetically modified has fueled protests and debates here and abroad. GMO cotton not only provides a reliable source of cotton for the textile industry, it is also used to make cottonseed oil, which is used in packaged foods and in many restaurants for frying. %PDF-1.5 Also, breeders may struggle to determine which genetic change has led to a new trait. open reading frames; PMEM; post-market environmental monitoring; Appendix A - List of relevant publications identified by the applicant through . 2022-20236.docx,2022-20236 :_____ :_____ :_____ :_____ 2.Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(20) 1. GMOs: Pros and Cons, Backed by Evidence - Healthline GMO canola is used mostly to make cooking oil and margarine. Slow Food Reading Answers - Collegedunia you want to download you have to send your own contributions. % The likelihood of this happening is very small, but the WHO and other health authorities have guidelines in place to prevent it. canola products, as 95% of them are GMO in the U.S. soybean products, since 94% of soybean in the U.S. is GMO, corn, as 92% of corn planted in the U.S. is GMO, cottonseed oil, since 94% of cotton is GMO, corn, canola, and soybean oils in mayonnaise, dressings, and bread. They did not have evidence to confirm this and called for further studies. Genetically modifying some foods could make them: Also, a 2022 study suggests GMO foods could help slow climate change by reducing greenhouse gases. The premise of these principles sets out a premarket assessment, performed on a caseby- case basis and including an evaluation of both direct effects (from the inserted gene) and unintended effects (that may arise as a consequence of insertion of the new gene) Codex also developed three Guidelines: Guideline for the conduct of food safety assessment of foods derived from recombinant-DNA plants, Guideline for the conduct of food safety assessment of foods produced using recombinant-DNA microorganisms, Guideline for the conduct of food safety assessment of foods derived from recombinant-DNA animals. The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, an environmental treaty legally binding for its Parties which took effect in 2003, regulates transboundary movements of Living Modified Organisms (LMOs). Science and History of GMOs and Other Food Modification Processes How GMOs can help solve climate change. Some GMO potatoes were developed to resist insect pests and disease. In recent years, developments in genetic engineering have allowed scientists to make specific changes more quickly. Why? However, this study was later retracted because it was poorly designed (17, 18, 19). While browning does not change the quality of the potato, it often leads to food being unnecessarily thrown away because people mistakenly believe browned food is spoiled. 1982: FDA approves the first consumer GMO product developed through genetic engineering: human insulin to treat diabetes. Canola seed meal can also be used in food for animals. 1973: Biochemists Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen develop genetic engineering by inserting DNA from one bacteria into another. Genetically Modified Food (GMF): Food that is produced from organisms that have had their genes engineered to introduce traits that have not been created through natural selection. It comes from a naturally occurring bacteria known as Bacillus thuringiensis. wT\kA\M*wnqxwmVP;[Ep={kF!vz`8s])K|xIR#b#3I6 /=um*R:b/Meh5y?{l+.!G&HFzS_g62:QZw5[c. GMO plants go through in-depth review and tests before they are ready to be sold to farmers. In the late 1980s early 1990s, the results of decades of molecular research reached the public domain. Students will learn how the federal governments botched raid on the compound of the Branch Davidian religious sect in 1993 led to decades of controversy over Second Amendment rights. Focusing on the rise and fall of the genetically modified tomato, the video shows students how GMO food products have emerged as a convenience to many farmers, and a source of confusion for many consumers. d. The election of David Zuckerman to the Senate. What are the advantages and potential dangers of allowing for-profit corporations to control the intellectual property and gene patents that are responsible for producing much of the worlds food supply. What are the main issues of concern for human health? While a lot of GMO corn goes into processed foods and drinks, most of it is used to feed livestock, like cows, and poultry, like chickens. For thousands of years, humans have been using traditional modification methods like selective breeding and cross-breeding to breed plants and animals with more desirable traits. GM crops available on the international market today have been designed using one of three basic traits: resistance to insect damage; resistance to viral infections; and tolerance towards certain herbicides. However, after scientists discovered this, they quickly abandoned this GMO food (14). Most GMO alfalfa is resistant to herbicides, allowing farmers to spray the crops to protect them against destructive weeds that can reduce alfalfa production and lower the nutritional quality of the hay. The entire process of bringing a GMO plant to the marketplace takes several years. Pros and cons of GMO foods: Health and environment - Medical News Today The site is secure. Many GMO crops are used to make ingredients that Americans eat such as cornstarch, corn syrup, corn oil, soybean oil, canola oil, or granulated sugar. This 11-minute video explores how the rise of genetically modified foods has given rise to fears about food safety while transforming agricultural production processes. . Agricultural Biotechnology, Recalls, Market Withdrawals and Safety Alerts, Science and History of GMOs and Other Food Modification Processes, Agricultural Biotechnology Education and Outreach Initiative, Spread the Word About Feed Your Mind: Stakeholder Toolkit, Identifying the genetic informationor genethat gives an organism (plant, animal, or microorganism) a desired trait, Copying that information from the organism that has the trait, Inserting that information into the DNA of another. For example, early farmers developed cross-breeding methods to grow corn with a range of colors, sizes, and uses. Most GMO crops are resistant to herbicides, such as Roundup. In the food industry, GMO crops have had genes added to them for various reasons, such as improving their growth, nutritional content, sustainability, pest resistance, and ease of farming (2). It is also used as ingredients (lecithin, emulsifiers, and proteins) in processed foods. However, a growing number of weeds have developed resistance to this herbicide over time.

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