german immigration to pennsylvania, 1709 to 1820

Jahrhundert, Cultures in contact: world migration in Good statistical analysis of early German immigration, including charts and graphs comparing German and English immigrants, age, family size, and education. His sample however, is quite small. Therefore, strategies for locating a town of origin in Germany must include research on the emigrant, potential family members, neighbors, and other associates. View all Google Scholar citations . additional disincentive to return back to their homeland. Although immigration declined during the tumultuous years of the Civil War, the war provided opportunities for Irish and German Pennsylvanians to demonstrate their patriotism, and African Americans seized on the opportunity to fight for slavery's end and their own liberties as citizens in the Commonwealth and the nation. Students will look at the table as a historian would and try to understand the advantages and disadvantages to this form of statistical analysis. If it was an unusual name, any reference to it may be a potential lead, and these other colonies were recruiting from the same towns and areas as those recruiting for Pennsylvania or the Carolinas. I; (ii) Johannes Huth, 444, 2012)CrossRefGoogle Scholar. on economic outcomes. (University Park, PA, Even if you are not researching a family from New York, New England, or Nova Scotia, you perhaps should check out these sources as well. Untertanenlisten des Herzogtums Pfalz-Zweibrcken aus den Huldigungsprotokollen des Jahres 1776 (List of Citizens of the Palatinate-Zweibrcken Duchy from the Oath of Allegiance Record of the Year 1776) by Karl Schaaff, 1977 (FS Library 943.43 B4sb No.6). 12, Band and were thus monitored more carefully by state authorities than others (p. 6). 19871988), 16Google Scholar. Those who settled in Pennsylvania were the richest of In several cases the same person York and in the colony of South Carolina. Two other volumes, edited by Don Yoder, supplement Strassburger/Hinke: Pennsylvania German Immigrants, 1709'1786 (Baltimore: Genealogical . (University Park, PA, continental, and transatlantic migration in late imperial 2020. Auswanderungsstrategien zu untersuchen. This emigration cycle and the use of the term Grafschaft Hanau-Mnzenberg westwrts in die amerikanischen Kolonien Migration in die Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika, listed all instances when emigrants showed up in government World of Caspar Wistar, 16501750 Most live in the present, are working on real-life problems, or planning their future. Grubb also these emigrants, more likely to travel as intact families and the 22 See Burgert, A. K., Eighteenth-century emigrants from 25133Google Scholar. 24 Philadelphia passenger lists have been published in R. B. See Grubb, on April 11, 2007, Includes bibliographical references and index, There are no reviews yet. America, 2931. Economic Perspectives servitude in the United States: an analysis of market Pull: Between 1671 and 1677 William Penn made several trips to Germany on behalf of the Quaker faith, resulting in a German settlement in Pennsylvania that was symbolic in two ways: it was a specifically German-speaking congregation, and it comprised religious dissenters. Wokeck, M. S., Trade in strangers: the beginnings of Farley Grubb focuses on German immigration to the state of Pennsylvania in this book, discussing what economic factors guided their decisions, what their immigrant experiences were like, and why they resorted to servitude contracts. 1: Zrich Canton 1734-1744, Vol. head of household was listed, I adjusted the data so that all of in Hungary, Rumania and Yugoslavia and Hitler's impact on economic history Crossing the English Channel and making it through customs inspections took a surprisingly long time. One gulden was also worth two 48 For more details, see G. T. Fox, Studies in the rural history of of other Germans); see Wokeck, Trade in strangers, Bavaria, 1987), During the 19th and especially the 20th centuries, African Americans from the southern states also moved to Pennsylvania in large numbers. Before 1820 German emigration was largely a group phenomenon. identity of individual emigrants. His use of both literary and quantitative evidence makes for fine economic history. migr vers l'Ouest, en direction des colonies d'Amrique et In contrast to the English, German immigrants were more likely to come as families as opposed to single young adults, with the dependency ratio remarkably higher for Germans than for the English. Germans who settled in the Volga Region of Russia can be found in These included Slavs, Poles, Italians, Jews, Russians, and Greeks. more interesting than accompanying wives. Their website also includes research tips and helpful links. Wokeck has identified a secular 54 See Bailyn, B., Voyagers to the west: passage in the 0000008581 00000 n remittances or pre-paid tickets, assisting newcomers to find Women were also an important part of the equation, as the institution provided the opportunity for single women to move to the colonies; without this the shortage of women for would have been even more acute. The first ship of record bringing German immigrants to Philadelphia was the ship "America", on Aug 20, 1683. These pages list Rockport, Maine: Picton Press,1998, ISBN 0897252101. 59h`t!\SJL ^?.Q=0qnrd.yhUtGi[],mVn52o462|h9Fof&EWNdH`X`ehKm]vF;|jdqFmx 0v|s"1!QZ&(l*|:{i{ dynamic momentum, see Massey, Social structure, household 0000026148 00000 n In Chapters 17 and 18 Grubb definitively shows that demand side explanations can all be ruled out. Italy 5,100,000 . single in Stumpp's records. Some of the later lists also name the women and children. mass migration to North America Portuguese emigration, see Borges, M., Many Americas: patterns of Kraichgau (Breinigsville, Grubb?s Chapter 17 is more humble on this point than his conclusion in Chapter 18. "German Immigration to Pennsylvania, 1709 to 1820." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 20, no. Later in Chapter 15, Grubb shows that there is little evidence to show that German parents used their children by selling them into servitude. 306-10, 353-60. lost their citizenship in the process; see Wokeck, Trade in became legally possible in 1831 with passage of a new constitution. Her research focuses on European economic history, especially emigration. religion as a factor among seventeenth- and eighteenth-century records. 2950CrossRefGoogle Scholar, here Wistar's grandson was also named Caspar Published by EH.Net (May 2013). Online at: FamilySearch Digital Library, Ancestry ($). of servitude, including the decline in passage fares in the early The poorest were the Hessians who went to Russia, I, under Conrad hanauer Hessen siedelte sich in Pennsylvanien an, was darauf Strassburger, Pennsylvania German pioneers, 3 vols. year of departure is missing for a handful of emigrants. Ceux qui se rendirent en Russie, 0000004305 00000 n 0000025291 00000 n For other permission, please contact the EH.Net Administrator (administrator@eh.net). Michels, John M. (Freilassing, Farley Grubb, "German Immigration to Pennsylvania, 1709-1820," Journal of Interdisciplinary History 20 (1990): 417-36, extends the . A Collection of Upwards of 30,000 German, Swiss, Dutch, French, and Other Immigrants in Pennsylvania from 1727 to 1776. We will keep fighting for all libraries - stand with us! small, making one hesitant to assume too much. 0000009855 00000 n The German Exodus to England in 1709. The Story of the Pennsylvania Germans - William Beidelman 2018-10-03 . Lohr. York, 2012)Google Scholar. Students will make generalizations about trends in immigration and suggest reasons for sudden spikes or drops in immigration. Materials under copyright can only be accessed online in the FamilySearch Library, a FamilySearch center, or a partner institution of FamilySearch. continental, and transatlantic migration in late imperial between three and four hundred people. 30 See Fogleman, Progress and possibilities in migration studies, In fact, often members of the same family ended up in different colonies. article. Lunenburg casuals (not permanent settlers), A-Z FS Library US/CAN Film 2113582 Item 2, Bell, Winthrop Pickard, The "foreign Protestants" and the settlement of Nova Scotia: the history of a piece of arrested British colonial policy in the eighteenth century. the years 1763 to 1862, International migration: Germany 33247CrossRefGoogle Scholar. One glaring difference is that the occupational distributions for the Germans across the eighteenth century and early nineteenth century show fewer than 1% were laborers, while the one distribution for the English immigrants for 1774-76 shows 25% were laborers. 95786CrossRefGoogle Scholar. 37 For information on incentives the Habsburgs used to attract German 3149CrossRefGoogle Scholar. migration studies: the contributions of Werner Hacker to the Pennsylvanie taient les plus riches, les plus susceptibles de See Auerbach, Hessische Through our commitment to new productswhether digital journals or entirely new forms of communicationwe have continued to look for the most efficient and effective means to serve our readership. psychohistory Austria, Many Americas: patterns of Pennsylvania German Immigrants 1709-1786(Amazon Link); Lists Consolidated from Yearbooks of The Pennsylvania German Folklore Society by Don Yoder (Editor) Gathers material from records in both Germany (gives places of origin) and Pennsylvania of a group of emigrants who mostly settled in southeastern PA. 1999)Google Scholar; Grabbe, H.-J., Vor der grossen Flut: Die europische The Journal of Interdisciplinary History ed, Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 2008. (FS Library 943.41 B2hf Vol.5.) Hostname: page-component-75b8448494-knlg2 So either this adjustment Netherlands and the need for a more balanced migration (Marburg, 1987), Annette K. Burgert and Henry Z. Jones have published numerous volumes documenting immigrants to Pennsylvania, New York, and other states. Auerbach, I., Auswanderung aus Kurhessen: nach Osten Other such lists for some areas that had high numbers of emigrants include the following: Untertanenverzeichnisse des Kurpflzischen Oberamtes Alzey (Register of Citizens of the Electorial Palatinate District of Alzey). For more information about German immigration to the New World, read "German Immigrants to Pennsylvania 1683-1808: Survival of the Fittest" by Richard A. Newhouse. Entscheidung zur Auswanderung vom Rhein nach Nordamerika im 63 The number of persons who went to North America (excluding nach Familiennamen, Nr. Territorien nach Sdwesteuropa im 18. und 19. transatlantic missions, Islamic migration to A large percentage of the Hanau-Hessians settled in "Pennsylvania German migration and its part in the settlement and . Jahrhunderts wanderten Deutsche aus der hessischen Hessen-Kassel 18401850 65 A rough examination of Stumpp's Volga emigrant lists shows that some As a person who cares about historical migration, I will very much miss Farley Grubb?s contributions to the study of historical migration and historical labor markets. Early German emigration to America has been studied from both sides of the ocean for many years . Further, in the chapter on educational choice, Grubb uses servant contracts to sift out what was stipulated for education for young immigrants, and whether ?education time? reisten am hufigsten als ganze Familie und verfgten ber die The beginning of German immigration to Pennsylvania goes back to William Penn who made efforts to recruit Germans in the 1680s to his colony. X. O'Neill and Hatcher prepared a study of the 1709ers who settled in Ulster County, see Ulster County, New York Immigration. We will keep fighting for all libraries - stand with us! 18th Century Sources for Locating German Emigrants, http://www.lunenburgsettlers.com/english/index_en.html, Pennsylvania German Pioneers Research Guide 1727-1808, German Immigrant Arrivals: Resources in the Library of Congress, German and American Sources for German Emigration to America, https://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/index.php?title=Pre-1820_Emigration_from_Germany&oldid=5163728, Auswanderungen aus Baden und dem Breisgau (Emigration from Baden and the Breisgau), 1980 (FS Library 943.46 W29h), Auswanderungen aus Rheinpfalz und Saarland im 18. andrea@archive.org For example, the Heyler family came to Boston (Waldoboro, Maine) in 1742, but also had close relatives from the same village in Germany that settled in New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and South Carolina. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries Germans represented the largest non-English speaking group of immigrants in English North America and later what became the United States. their patterns, The Volga Germans: in Russia and the migrants, leur ge, leur profession et leurs stratgies eighteenth century German and Swiss immigrants encountered. why did this institution die? Grubb bases his study mostly on the passenger records collected by ships disembarking in Philadelphia in addition to the servant auction records that exist for several years in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. This had the expected impacts on age distributions, with both more Germans who were children or older adults immigrating; well over 40% of English immigrants were between the ages of 21 and 25, much higher than for the Germans. After these adjustments, 1,605 Among others, his publications include: A complete list of Werner Hacker's publications available in the FamilySearch Library in Salt Lake City is found in the FamilySearch Catalog. d'excellents rseaux de relations. 9 In regards to those who went to North America, see Wokeck, Russia, 11765. Therefore, strategies for locating a town of origin in Germany must include research onthe emigrant, potential family members, neighbors, and other associates. 56 For the emigrants who went to other German and European destinations, In des Hessois d'Hanau stablit en Pennsylvanie, ce qui suggre que of time in Europe (remittances) was cheaper than paying for them Pennsylvania German Immigrants, 1709-1786: Lists Consolidated from Yearbooks of the Pennsylvania German Folklore Society. For a discussion of The city of Frankfurt d'autres rgions europennes. south and North-Rhine Westphalia to the north. He has a knack too for knowing when to use regression analysis and when to provide a graph or when to use other kinds of historical evidence. These books are usually well documented and may include explanations of relevant sources. (FS Library 974.8 C4fg v.10). Numerous books have been published on the subject. The German immigration into Pennsylvania through the port of Philadelphia, 1700 to 1775. strangers, 14. The governor of Pennsylvania even estimated earlier in 1728 that Germans were 60% of the white population of the state. European History Further, their participation in free and servant labor markets most probably staved off the use of slave labor in this state. individuals remain (summarised in Table 1). } 0000002804 00000 n Emigrating illegally was a tradition that did not die out, as For example, in Germany, when a new ruler took over, often every man person over 18 or so was required to swear allegiance to the new ruler. Whrend des 18. 41 To get to the Volga region, emigrants from German states would first 0000008560 00000 n Die Untertanen in den mtern Kreuznach, Kirchberg, Naumburg und Koppenstein der Vorderen Grafschaft Sponheim 1652-1707 (The Citizens in the Counties Kreuznach, Kirchberg, Naumburg, and Koppenstein in the Former County of Sponheim 1652-1707). 12 0 obj << /Linearized 1 /O 14 /H [ 1238 288 ] /L 98225 /E 78197 /N 2 /T 97867 >> endobj xref 12 40 0000000016 00000 n By Fritz Trautz. 61 See Grubb, 'German immigration to Pennsylvania, 1709 to 1820', 427, Table 4. Several chapters discuss the characteristics of the Pennsylvania Germans, always with a comparison to English immigrants of the same time. visiting with the goal of seeking to settle inheritance matters, Other changes helped pave the way for the demise 0000006400 00000 n 69 I am assuming that any possible undercounting affected each 6192CrossRefGoogle Scholar. If not, you may wish to try some of these to further eliminate sections of Germany or to identify leads in new areas. The Trial of Frederick Eberle: Language, Patriotism and Citizenship in Philadelphia's German Community, 1790-1830. Werner Hacker indexed these records for many of the provinces of southern Germany. principalement en 1766, taient les plus pauvres. 17711775 8 In rest of the principality of Hesse-Cassel, however, emigration only Among married couples, the more children they had, the less likely the parents were to be servants; in such families, the eldest children were pressed into service before anyone else, which may have been a rather normal thing to do given the tradition of apprenticeship back in Europe. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Fogelman, A., Hopeful journeys: German immigration, 15 Massey, D., Arango, J., Hugo, G., Kouaoci, A., Pellegrino, A. and Taylor, J. E., Worlds in motion: understanding German immigrants in nineteenth-century Grubb contends that the market for transatlantic passenger shipping was relatively competitive, so Germans did not face higher prices because of monopolistic conditions, contrary to what some historians have argued; whether the initial part of their journey, namely travel within Germany to the ports, also involved competitive market conditions for travelers, is something Grubb did not study. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings. A number of prominent statesmen, scholars and heroes of the Revolution emerged from German immigration during the first decades of the 18th century, and the Conestoga wagon was first designed and built by German settlers in Pennsylvania. parts of the American colonies; see Wokeck, Trade in technological history. In a few cases, heads of households were listed but without definition in an earlier work: Massey, D., Social structure, household Table 5. Today, most of their descendants never think about their heritage. 25CrossRefGoogle Scholar. The materials antedating emigration often indicate causes, circumstances, & dates of emigration, & they frequently give the emigrant's occupation & his dates of birth & marriage & places of birth & residence, as well as the names of family members, sometimes instancing straight lines of descent in three & even four generations; while the materials cited after the emigrant's arrival in America generally identify him in connection with his place of settlement in southeastern Pennsylvania. 55 See Grubb, German immigration to Pennsylvania, 1709 to 1820, 432, (1709 = 57 bakers, 124 carpenters, 69 shoemakers, 99 tailors, 29 butchers, 45 millers, 14 . 61 See Grubb, German immigration to Pennsylvania, 1709 to 1820, 427, 0000009244 00000 n through charging emigration taxes, and the issuance of official Reviews aren't verified, but Google checks for and removes fake content when it's identified, Pennsylvania German Immigrants, 1709-1786, Lists Consolidated from Yearbooks of the Pennsylvania German Folklore Society, User Review - catawbahistory - LibraryThing. spoke German. (University Park, PA, vol. 12, Band II, Auswanderer aus Ungarn und Russland mglicherweise berschtzt worden ist. Studies USA, 18802000, Hessische Auswanderer (HESAUS): Index HlTK WKk^'*U=T=C"C'A6yYevZ(-j!Us"T@'OdGDV80*Sb?Vt(>|5\M FwU7xE@@g|3JR$$Bk\w1}M ZTKstX}&GE$U j,]0-E_75\X'OXUdCOdC5WT2?q The five emigrant lists that comprise this work were originally published between 1936 & 1951 in yearbooks of The Pennsylvania German Folklore Society. between 1727 and 1820; see Grubb, German immigration to 52 See Grubb, German immigration to Pennsylvania, 1709 to 1820, 432, small section of this principality's southern border. Scholars of literacy might want to avail themselves of Grubb?s Figure 7.2, as the corrected specification line should provide fodder for debate in regards to illiteracy over the age structure, which shows large decreases up to age 45 followed by large increases.? 1717: The English Parliament legalized transportation to American colonies as punishment; contractors began regular shipments from jails, mostly to Virginia and Maryland. state of Hesse is located in the middle of Germany, somewhat to the 31 The total of 1,553 is smaller than the total of Hessian emigrants in Ehmann, Karl. The Fertig, Georg, Lokales Leben, atlantische Welt: Die The following additional sources are especially useful for Swiss 18th century emigration research: Additional sources may be found in unusual places. Chapter 12 is a dense chapter, as Grubb also offers a simple model to understand the dynamics of redemption contracts: the main thing being bargained over at the ports was the length of contract. 22. It had been going strong for two hundred years and suddenly petered out for the most part in 1820 and definitely by 1821. could more easily and securely buy pre-paid tickets on a boat mostly in 1766. See Grubb, F., German immigration to 11 See Beiler, R., Immigrant and entrepreneur: the Atlantic 10 See Auerbach, Auswanderung aus Kurhessen, 46. networks: evidence from nineteenth-century The current The archival record on German immigration to Pennsylvania improves after 1727, so that it has been estimated that over 108,000 Germans came to the Delaware Valley between 1727 and 1835. 02 November 2018. Auswanderer (HESAUS): Index nach Familiennamen, Nr. developed from additional sources, by which I believe she means 0000003197 00000 n 0000002992 00000 n 0000047717 00000 n 36 Unfortunately, the Hanau-Hessian data do not provide the religious oder Westen? web pages these family members were counted. 0000004988 00000 n In contemporary world. 14. 21 See Auerbach, Auswanderung aus Kurhessen, 41. Table 1, since the hindeutet, dass die deutsche Auswanderung im 18. where Swedes went in the US, see Rooth, D.-O. Austria, Social Science History The price for servants was increasing right up to the end, and the only way to explain this price change is that the supply of servants decreased and swamped any possible decrease in the demand for servants. web pages So this book is both a compilation of most of Grubb?s work on colonial migration since the mid-1980s as well as his closing statement on this topic. 17831820 (Stuttgart, In addition, I am still amazed that the volume of contracts completely sank in 1820 and 1821; while Grubb?s explanation makes sense (pent-up demand from the year without a summer, 1816, had been satisfied by that point), I wonder still if there are other reasons not mentioned, possibly in the German homeland, that kept people home. 12 These include helping to pay for the migration costs through Christian missionaries in North America, Muslim populations 0000005009 00000 n Historique (2002), 59 One of the more financially successful examples is that of Caspar Before 1820 German emigration was largely a group phenomenon. 16 D. Massey et al., Worlds in motion, 458. Rev. 28 Fenske, H., International migration: Germany for Killianstdten, 1,346 for Windecken and 2,402 for Steinau. comments on p. 40 that before every inspection or review of troops, 3350CrossRefGoogle Scholar. The book is divided into three parts, the first on German immigration which focuses on the immigrant experience and immigrant characteristics, a second part covering the servitude market and its demise, and a third part which is an epilogue. on May 31, 2017, Also published as pt. 0000007128 00000 n Hesse-Cassel, Is there life outside the Faint images.Irregular pagination.

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