was the elizabethan religious settlement successful

Seven bishops, including Cardinal Pole, Mary's Archbishop of Canterbury, died in 1558 and needed to be replaced. Queen Elizabeth I wanted to build a stable, peaceful nation with a strong government, free from the influence of foreign powers in matters of the church and the state. [90], In 1572, a bill was introduced in the Queen's 4th Parliament that would allow Protestants, with their bishop's permission, to omit ceremonies from the 1559 prayer book, and bishops would be further empowered to license clergymen to use the French and Dutch stranger church liturgies. The Elizabethan Religious Settlement was a collection of laws and decisions concerning religious practices introduced between 1558-63 CE by Elizabeth I of England (r. 1558-1603 CE). StudySmarter is commited to creating, free, high quality explainations, opening education to all. [100], In the Parliaments of 1584 and 1586, the Puritans attempted to push through legislation that would institute a presbyterian form of government for the Church of England and replace the prayer book with the service book used in Geneva. Puritan clergy in this movement organised local presbyteries or classes, from which the movement took its name. [36] When communicants received the bread, they would hear the words, "The body of our Lord Jesus Christ, which was given for thee, preserve thy body and soul unto everlasting life [1549]. https://www.worldhistory.org/article/1565/the-elizabethan-religious-settlement/. [103][104] James, however, did the opposite, forcing the Scottish Church to accept bishops and the Five Articles of Perth, all attempts to make it as similar as possible to the English Church. This new amalgamated version, like its predecessors, set out how church services should be conducted and was itself to be used in those services. [88], The controversy over dress divided the Protestant community, and it was in these years that the term Puritan came into use to describe those who wanted further reformation. In 1645, the prayer book was made illegal and replaced by the Directory for Public Worship. The Act of Uniformity of 1559 set out the groundwork for the Elizabethan church. The Church of England was Protestant at its core but took the hierarchy from the Catholics by keeping archbishops and bishops. In addition, the Pope excommunicated Elizabeth for heresy in 1570 CE. ", Salvation comes from God's grace alone and not through good works. [42], To enforce her religious policies, Queen Elizabeth needed bishops willing to cooperate. [98] Whitgift's first move against the Puritans was a requirement that all clergy subscribe to three articles, the second of which stated that the Prayer Book and Ordinal contained "nothing contrary to the word of God". The most important outcome of the Conference, however, was the decision to produce a new translation of the Bible, the 1611 King James Version. Calvinists were divided between conformists and Puritans, who wanted to abolish what they considered papist abuses and replace episcopacy with a presbyterian church government. Only one Catholic bishop took the oath to Elizabeth - all the rest refused and lost their office. 'The Elizabethan Religious Settlement was successfully established in the years 1558-1603. . The Elizabethan Settlement provided the foundation for the Church of England, much of which is still in place today. There were priests who conformed to the prayer book while also providing the Mass to their parishioners. They were not going to waste time on abstract theological debates, but rather get down to the business at hand of finding concrete solutions to the problems of the day. [99] Whitgift's demands produced widespread turmoil, and around 400 ministers were suspended for refusal to subscribe. She disliked married clergy, held Lutheran views on Eucharistic presence, and there is evidence she preferred the more ceremonial 1549 prayer book. Implemented between 1559 and 1563, the settlement is considered the end of the English Reformation, permanently shaping the theology and liturgy of the Church of England and laying the foundations of Anglicanism's unique identity. [67] Over time, however, this "survivalist Catholicism" was undermined by pressures to conform, giving way to an underground Catholicism completely separate from the Church of England. His rise to power has been identified with a "conservative reaction" against Puritanism. The Elizabethan religious settlement survived with the attrition of other religious beliefs and practices. . He holds an MA in Political Philosophy and is the WHE Publishing Director. [117] The preface to the 1662 prayer book defined the Church of England as a via media "between the two extremes of too much stiffness in refusing and of too much easiness in admitting any variation". The Queen still believed there should be a division between the chancel and the rest of the church. This perception was seemingly confirmed when Elizabeth was excommunicated by Pope Pius V in February 1570. Elizabethan Religious Settlement Religion became a very divisive factor in people's lives in England when Protestant ideas challenged the dominance of the Catholic Church of Rome. Most of the parish clergy were Catholics. With bishops, however, only one agreed to take the oath and all the others had to step down. [106], The Church of England's dominant theology was still Calvinism, but a group of theologians associated with Bishop Lancelot Andrewes disagreed with many aspects of the Reformed tradition, especially its teaching on predestination. Be perfectly prepared on time with an individual plan. Ultimately, all but two bishops (the undistinguished Anthony Kitchin of Llandaff and the absentee Thomas Stanley of Sodor and Man) lost their posts. A revised supremacy bill had passed the House of Commons before the recess but had been . The Elizabethan Religious Settlement is the name given to the religious and political arrangements made for England during the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603). The next sovereign was Catholic Mary I of England (r. 1553-1558 CE), and she reversed the Reformation. Discover the rich royal history of the area where Henry VIII builthis first tournament ground, Elizabeth I took daily walks in the Park, and where Charles II raced early royal yachts against his brother We use cookies to ensure you have the best browsing experience and to help us improve our website. What were the main features of the Elizabethan Religious Settlement? When Elizabeth inherited the throne, England was bitterly divided between Catholics and Protestants as a result of various religious changes initiated by Henry VIII, Edward VI and Mary I. Henry VIII had broken from the Roman Catholic Church and the authority of the pope, becoming Supreme Head of the Church of England. [39] This theory has been challenged by Christopher Haigh, who argues that Elizabeth wanted radical reform but was pushed in a conservative direction by the House of Lords. However, many Englishmen disagreed with its "middle ground" approach to religion to pacify Protestants and Catholics alike. This would help secure her throne in political terms, too. The Religious Settlement was an attempt by Elizabeth I to unite the country after the changes in religion under Henry VIII, Edward VI and Mary I. Why was the Elizabethan religious settlement successful? It also repealed the medieval heresy laws that Mary I had revived. [5][6] The Mass, the central act of Catholic worship, was condemned as idolatry and replaced with a Protestant communion service, a reminder of Christ's crucifixion. 2 Church Illustration from the Surrey Archaeological collection 1854. There was a turnover of officials as Elizabeth removed remaining pro-Catholic bishops and, under the 1559 CE Act of Exchange, confiscated their estates (or threatened to if they did not toe the line). Many did so out of sympathy with traditional Catholic religion, while others waited to see if this religious settlement was permanent before taking expensive action. Examples of permissible music included metrical psalms and liturgical texts such as the Te Deum. This iconic portrait isnow back on public display in the Queen's House after careful conservation. What was a Protestant element of the new Church of England? Anglicans started to define their Church as a via media or middle way between the religious extremes of Catholicism and Protestantism; Arminianism and Calvinism; and high church and low church. Most Catholics, however, were "church papists"Catholics who outwardly conformed to the established church while maintaining their Catholic faith in secret. Discover the art of the Van de Veldes at the Queen's House, See the world's greatest space photography at the National Maritime Museum, Picnics and treats, free workshops and tours, plus a very special World Record attempt! When Parliament reconvened in April, the two issues were presented separately and considerable concessions were made. The revised Act of Supremacy still abolished papal supremacy, but defined Elizabeth as Supreme Governor, rather than Supreme Head, of the church. The Thirty-nine Articles of 1563 CE (made law in 1571 CE) were the final part of the Elizabethan Religious Settlement. Elizabeth's cautious reforms resulted in 'a Church that was Protestant in doctrine, Catholic in appearance'. [14] He argues the modifications were most likely meant to appease domestic and foreign Lutheran Protestants who opposed the memorialist view originating from reformed Zurich. The rebellion was defeated, but it contributed to a perception that Catholicism was treason. Quentin Metsys the Younger (Public Domain). [45], According to the injunctions, church images that were superstitiously abused were condemned as idolatry, but the commissioners mandated the destruction of all pictures and images. Afterwards, executions of Catholic priests became more common, and in 1585, it became treason for a Catholic priest to enter the country, as well as for anyone to aid or shelter him. Please note that some of these recommendations are listed under our old name, Ancient History Encyclopedia. Those who refused to conform to the new Church of England were persecuted. Elizabeth's intention was that the Religious Settlement would prove a compromise acceptable to people of all religious standpoints. Web. Elizabethan Religious Settlement Religion became a very divisive factor in people's lives in England when Protestant ideas challenged the dominance of the Catholic Church of Rome. The settlement continued the English Reformation which had begun during the reign of her father, Henry VIII of England (r. 1509-1547 CE) whereby the Protestant Church of England split from the Catholic Church led by the Pope in Rome.

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