He proclaimed the King of Italy Emperor of. As early as February 1918, he advocated the emergence of a dictator"a man who is ruthless and energetic enough to make a clean sweep"to confront the economic and political crisis then gripping Italy. On this day, November 2, in 1936, in a speech in Milan, Benito Mussolini announced the "Rome-Berlin" axis around which the entire world would revolve. stream TimesMachine is an exclusive benefit for home delivery and digital subscribers. The lie is that the Axis powers, after they finish Great Britain, want to attack America. /Length 2612 RM 2M3JY1M - Photograph showing Benito Mussolini (1883 - 1945), the Italian dictator, testing a radio set during the Italian Army manoevres of August 1936. For additional information and contact information for many of the partner organizations, see this archived capture of the World Digital Library site from 2021. They call his name and give fascist salutes. ROME, May 5. Some of these doubts were shared even by Italian Fascists, who were at times frustrated by the slow pace of corporatist reform and by the powerful influence which big business wielded when it came to the shaping of the Italian state. >> He advocated for State ownership of the economy, State control over scientific innovation, and that the State eliminate or at least ameliorate Wealth Inequality. -- The text of Premier Benito Mussolini's address at the victory celebration in Rome today follows: View Full Article in Timesmachine , See the article in its original context from. Haile Selassie I, Emperor of Ethiopia, 1892-1975 Author. KtT8H@gvmRYPPR]iDkx;!7 ' Zk! $l$T4QOt"y\b)AI&NI$R$)TIj"]&=&!:dGrY@^O$ _%?P(&OJEBN9J@y@yCR
nXZOD}J}/G3k{%Ow_.'_!JQ@SVF=IEbbbb5Q%O@%!ByM:e0G7 e%e[(R0`3R46i^)*n*|"fLUomO0j&jajj.w_4zj=U45n4hZZZ^0Tf%9->=cXgN]. Countless fortunes were annihilated, and many people did not outlive the disaster. Rejoicings were continued, "Ethiopia's destiny is sealed," Signor Mussolini, declared. The first condition for a policy of friendship, not intended to become frozen in diplomatic protocols, but to slide gradually into the heart of the multitude, is that the valour of the Italian Army which fought for everybody, should not be doubted; shreds of flesh were left in the trenches of the Carso, of Macedonia, of Bligny. Since we recognize these facts it is useless for the enemy to exaggerate the figures of its booty. It's easy and takes two shakes of a lamb's tail! /Filter /FlateDecode Since 1935 the attention of our general staff has been focused on Libya. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, . YSZX 0y( To ensure you can use all the features please enable it. Italy demanded compensation and formal recognition of the area as Italian. Four hundred thousand people who had assembled, before the Palazza Venezia cheered wildly when the, Duce made the announcement. As part of its purpose in resolving class disputes between the Labor Unions and Business Community, the Parliament is expected to create a Social Safety Net designed to deter anyone from making any serious efforts at realizing either National Communism, Marxism-Leninism, Pan-Germanic Socialism, Fascist Corporatism, National Syndicalism, Hamiltonianism or State Capitalism. Mussolini enters building and inspects various statues / busts. A reference to Arthur Henderson (b.1863 d.1935), a senior member of the British Labour Party and the official chairman of the Geneva Conference. Meanwhile, in the Social Sciences, it is suggested that there are fundamental differences between the Corporatism of the Catholic Church and the model which was attempted by Fascist Italy. For example about Joris van Severen and Hendrik de Man. Our war power also improves daily in quality and quantity. Through you I want to speak to the Italian people, to the authentic, real, great Italian people, who fight with the courage of lions on land, sea and air fronts; people who early in the morning are up to go to work in fields, factories and offices; people who do not permit themselves luxuries, not even innocent ones. Find the lyrics and meaning of any song, and watch its music video. <> The German victory was facilitated by Italian non-belligerency which immobilized heavy naval, air and-land forces of the Anglo-French bloc. Mandate for Palestine and Memorandum by the British Government Relating to its Application to Transjordan. Pan down from flag pole on building to show Mussolini coming out of building. 20 0 obj This can be inferred from the various statements made by Mussolini throughout his speech. These figures show that to the preparation of the Libyan defense we devoted an effort which can be described as imposing. q)6|M. endobj Mussolini declared the incident "an act of self-defense" and thus not subject to arbitration under international agreements. I say beautiful things will be seen in every one of the four cardinal points. Modern science has succeeded in multiplying the possibilities of wealth; science, controlled and spurred by the State, must now solve another problem: the problem of the distribution of wealth, in order that the illogic, paradoxical and cruel fact of poverty in the midst of abundance, may cease to exist. After World War I, the states of central and southeastern Europe were compelled by the victorious Allied and Associated Powers to sign agreements guaranteeing religious, social, and political equality to their minority League of Nations. It means work guaranteed, fair wages, decent homes, it means the possibility of continuous evolution and improvement. Germany is at all times prepared to renounce offensive weapons if the rest of the world does the same The German Government and the German people will under no circumstances allow themselves to be forced to sign what would mean a perpetuation of the degradation of Germany. As a member of the League of Nations, Ethiopia brought the case before the Council, but Mussolini ignored all League proposals to resolve the crisis. We boast that we are not like them. Regarding the usage of that idea from Roman Catholicism, I should mention that when Mussolini invoked Social Justice as a reference to Catholic Social Teaching, Corporatism was not being intended to be a fulfillment of a national economy centered on the Catholic faith. Unlike the Fascist version, the Churchs Corporatism did survive for a time after 1945 among the various Christian Democratic parties throughout Western Europe, the parties advocating for some kind of Welfare Capitalism alongside their Social-Democratic counterparts. endobj Neither in Rome nor Berlin are such fantastic plans as this prepared. Indeed, if a day should come when the heart ceases to thrill, that day would be the beginning of the end. Thus our first squadron of airplanes left on July 27, 1936, and during the same day we had our first dead. For Italy it is just the same. The Italian prisoners who fell into the hands of the Greeks are a few thousand, most of them wounded. Hitler set out the position of his government on the matter in a speech to the Reichstag on 17 May, 1933: I am obliged to state that the reason for the present armaments of France or Poland can under no circumstances be the fear by those nations of a German invasion, for such fear would only be justified by the possession by Germany of modern offensive weapons. He did give a speech to the League of Nations in June 1936 in which he admonished the West saying, "It is us today. 4 0 obj 5 0 obj Wu?~C=,)qpI>Jn a#$yxhbb!9 kka2p
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~kRsPUPD8 M-r- The French translation is on the right. Committee of Three - League of Nations. Do you plan to translate any text by Nicola Bombacci? There was a third attitude to take, which is the one the masses have already accepted, being a clear, explicit, sincere adhesion to the spirit and institutions of the Fascist Revolution. In the same period were sent 1,924 cannon of all calibers and many of them of recent construction and model; 15,386 machine-guns; 11,000,000 rounds of shells; 1,344,287,275 bullets for light arms; 127,877 tons of engineers materials; 779 tanks with a certain percentage of heavy tanks; 9,584 auto vehicles of various kinds; 4,809 motorcycles. The hardships, suffering and sacrifices that are faced with exemplary courage and dignity by the Italian people will have their day of compensation when all the enemy forces are crushed on the battlefields by the heroism of our soldiers and a triple, immense cry will cross the mountains and oceans like lightning and light new hopes and give new certainties to spirit multitudes: Victory, Italy, peace with justice among peoples! FILM ID:560.11A VIDEO FROM BRITISH PATH. Hendrik de Man definitely, Ive been looking at putting some of his material on the blog for a while. A reference to the recent assassination of Engelbert Dollfuss (b.1892 d.1934), former Chancellor of Austria. But the topic of Corporatism among Catholic circles is an interesting case since I do not encounter Catholics describing Corporatism in the same sense as the Fascist model. The first gathering was that of the farmers whose gifts will help to ease the poverty of many families all over Italy. What most people did not know and it is still a common misconception which I sometimes encounter among actual Roman Catholics is that Catholic Social Teachings definitions are too vague and too broad. Never heard of Joris van Severen before, Ill look into him. In the early 1930s, Italian dictator Benito Mussolini was determined to expand Italy's African empire by annexing Ethiopia. Based on the speech, Mussolini was appealing to the Italian people from the standpoint of Catholic Social Teaching as one of the justifications for the emerging Corporatist economy. https://www.loc.gov/item/2021667904/. Haile Selassie I, Emperor Of Ethiopia, Author. All the decisions will become, resolution expressing the country's grati-, tion, which, it is declared, here, is unalter-, reference to foreign nations or their In-, begins: "The territories and peoples for-, sinia are placed under the full and entire, Mussolini's declaration that Italy will de-, but the view is expressed that it will be, powerless to prevent Italy's exploitation. endobj Fourth, with this situation things are diametrically opposed to conditions from 1914 to 1918. Unused / unissued material - no paperwork - dates unclear or unknownItalian title reads: \"Roma\". Ethiopia, - World War, 1914-1918. Dimensions. Personally, I did not know about this speech until this ARPLAN Post had brought it to my attention. October 6, 1934. Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini ( UK: / mslini, ms -/ MU (U)SS--LEE-nee, US: / mus -/ MOOSS-, Italian: [benito amilkare andra mussolini]; [1] 29 July 1883 - 28 April 1945) was an Italian dictator and journalist who founded and led the National Fascist Party (PNF). Though we certainly are totalitarian and will always be so, we have our feet on hard ground. Britain will realize that once again. We have defended and will defend the independence of the Austrian republic, which was consecrated by the blood of a Chancellor who was physically small but great in heart and soul.1 Those who say that Italy has designs of aggression, that she wishes to impose a sort of protectorate over that Republic, are either not aware of the facts or are lying deliberately. a!_hAI/O5uCFVlg2_5'"
2&Z.etK=.*t&]b=Z&}i'KMd;R^,\8YX N[i=2icA+%wK8-b)FOn^l?lou@g]o9\_z|#LP'*_l>~0J$1#BTT!Zwjm! endobj Rome comrades! Germany, however, does not possess such modern offensive weapons at all; she has neither heavy artillery nor tanks nor bombing airplanes nor poisonous gases. Ninth, that Fascist Italy dared measure herself against Great Britain is a matter of pride that will live through the centuries. Americans who will read what I say should be calm and not believe in the existence of a big bad wolf who wants to devour them. NOTE: Only lines in the current paragraph are shown. In all cases it is more likely that the United States, before it is attacked by Axis soldiers, will be attacked by the not well known but very warlike inhabitants of the planet Mars, who will descend from the stratosphere in unimaginable flying fortresses. Content in Amharic and French. It was necessary to face Greece, and on this point the accord of all responsible military leaders was absolute. *##: ZKOoIV.A;p%2ferk?|MWBh 6OT` [ZZh**sz^ZfB~WgzSq+wl9>' D5nUZDuI7%7R*_I(xjG#~4Lf uLF1$iRn$7a>j\QhQS|igJW? Subscribers may view the full text of this article in its original form through TimesMachine. ~X+0w_PI\{)L1oWy@Mq:6Yt|W8L^*Z/,@c/v Another proposed alternative, especially among those who are from Latin America, is Liberation Theology and its favorable views on Marxist Theory. . My guess is that this was an unconscious remark on Pounds part since he was certainly not the kind of person to be sympathetic to Communism. /Resources 6 0 R /Filter /FlateDecode >> Let us begin with the East. Not only the remnants of few or many individuals, but also the end of a phase of contemporary history, of a period which may be defined as liberal-capitalistic economy. As a subscriber, you have 10 gift articles to give each month. In his speech, Hitler highlighted the uniqueness of Mussolini's visit as a 'demonstration joined by 115 million members of two peoples in greatest sentiment'. Europe therefore, with the exception of Portugal, Switzerland and, for a little while yet, Greece, is all outside the orbit of Britain and against Britain. << /Length 4 0 R /Filter /FlateDecode >> marines, and airman, accoutred as for war, torch, lined the steps of the massive Victor, decree was published formally proclaiming, Italian sovereignty over Abyssinia, vesting, or Viceroy. The Danubian and Balkan world cannot ignore and does not ignore the Axis, Hungary and Rumania have joined the Tripartite Pact. To be honest, that is an odd statement for me to make regarding somebody like Ezra Pound. That we shall have to fight hard is certain, that we shall have to fight long is also probable, but the final result will be an Axis victory. The document presented here is the archival copy of the treaty concluded by the governments of Germany, Belgium, France, Great Britain, and Italy in the city of Locarno, Switzerland, on October 16, Belgium - Italy - Great Britain - Germany - France, France. Today this city, forever youthful and vigorous, and indissolubly bound to my life, has slackened the rhythm of its heart-beat. It will be you . http://www.britishpathe.tv/FOR LICENSING ENQUIRIES VISIT http://www.britishpathe.com/British Path also represents the Reuters historical collection, which includes more than 136,000 items from the news agencies Gaumont Graphic (1910-1932), Empire News Bulletin (1926-1930), British Paramount (1931-1957), and Gaumont British (1934-1959), as well as Visnews content from 1957 to the end of 1984. The text is preserved in the archives of the League, which were transferred to the United Nations in 1946 and are housed at the UN office in Geneva. OmVn4-,6-DiXdSC-xlUKiSwGK"8kkxc!Va0Icn5,>,_@EE0A0i/B)"Xo-KNFxsf.lAu{mi^X~rz61]e[ xaj%5,869/ ;$U 1GLCwCHB?yh{$bt']gZKt*zL6#D`e1yZ(,jpJywXT4. Mussolini was a strong backer of the Austrian Republic, viewing it as a useful buffer state between Italy and Germany, and had also apparently enjoyed a fairly friendly personal relationship with Dollfuss. There is a peculiar tidbit of information that you had brought up regarding Ezra Pounds response to that 1934 speech. 5(hxV98rDxXmrwp{WS'J'EV2XJfegP1Zz'SeXrZMh_rqP(_I)V,Jq?U8{`{asesvtwP1^}~?V~yrlxs?~}WAidY_4J
x?g3sp22%1_Eh)hG6"_5d#[*](#5tP*/h%"nnC7cq!-#%A,ELM'Hgs/"dsC7&$Q{)VYfU-s@#nJG[eT.,uP8Ja This latter had ten divisions. IT'S FULL OF GREAT DOCUMENTARIES, FASCINATING INTERVIEWS, AND CLASSIC MOVIES. eE\|?xjF]oqgl @M+m?s24oG lt ltEx#0 "RSJk!8*vXrOKc?n8b C%uF1'MKz`!38?qb],Oi(#6a Anyone can read what you share. Mussolinis Speech to the Workers of Milan The Social Safety Net consisted of the usual array of Welfare Capitalist programs like insurance, childcare and educational assistance grants, subsidized housing, retirement pensions, and so forth. [Place of Publication Not Identified: Publisher Not Identified, -06-30, 1936] Pdf. Unless-and it is possible-these countries, where already something is fermenting, do not Teach their independence once the metropolitan area is conquered. This happens in all wars, in all times. What caused Tripartism to eventually fail was the Social Safety Net being too expensive to maintain some semblance of practicality, hence the waves of privatizations and the gradual dismantling of the Welfare State in European nations around the end of the 20th century. x}[sKr{"VeKoXwD(@`H@\\HSULLe^!k{2_68q4R`71vog\?oLkmF
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vz:9likg10Ls}ru>o?oWOWw/?>]=\o7W7?n2PQ They absolutely must not be confused or contaminated by the minority or well-known poltroons, anti-social individuals and complainers, who grumble about rations and regret their suspended comforts, or by snakes, the remains of the Masonic lodges, whom we will crush without difficulties when and how we want. Italian voiceover.Benito Mussolini walks past large crowds. Churchill has not the least idea of the spiritual forces of the Italian people or of what Fascism can do. It is the geographic and historic order of things that the most difficult and most faraway theatres of war are reserved for Italy. 9 0 obj Description based on data extracted from World Digital Library, which may be extracted from partner institutions. Not less heavy are the losses we inflicted on the English. It is highly ridiculous to count on the eventual moral breakdown of the Italian people.
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